Ikibazo cyo kugarura amavuta kuri kompreseri zikonjesha cyakunze kuvugwa cyane muri sisitemu zo gukonjesha. Uyu munsi, ndavuga ku kibazo cyo kugarura amavuta kuri kompreseri zikonjesha. Muri rusange, impamvu ituma kompreseri igarura amavuta nabi ahanini biterwa n’uburyo amavuta yo gusiga n’akonjesha avanga gazi mu gihe cy’imikorere. Mu gihe cy’imikorere ya sisitemu yo gukonjesha, icyuma gikonjesha n’amavuta yo gusiga muri firigo birashonga, bigatuma amavuta yo gusiga asohoka mu cyuma gikonjesha mu buryo bwa aerosol na gaze y’amazi hamwe n’imikorere y’imashini n’icyuma gikonjesha. Niba icyuma gitandukanya amavuta kidakora neza cyangwa imiterere ya sisitemu idakora neza, bizatera ingaruka mbi zo gutandukanya no kugaruka nabi kw’amavuta muri sisitemu.
1. Ni ibihe bibazo bizaterwa no kugaruka nabi kwa peteroli:
Kugaruka nabi kw'amavuta ya compressor yo mu bwoko bwa screw bizatuma amavuta menshi yo kwisiga aguma mu muyoboro w'amazi. Iyo firime y'amavuta yiyongera ku rugero runaka, bizagira ingaruka zitaziguye ku gukonja kwa sisitemu; Bizatuma amavuta menshi yo kwisiga yiyongera muri sisitemu, bigatuma habaho uruziga rubi, bikongera ikiguzi cyo gukora no kugabanya ubwizigirwa bw'imikorere. Muri rusange, munsi ya 1% by'umwuka wo muri frigo byemererwa gutembera muri sisitemu hamwe n'uruvange rw'amavuta n'umwuka.
2. Ibisubizo ku kugaruka nabi kwa peteroli:
Hari uburyo bubiri bwo gusubiza amavuta muri kompreseri, bumwe ni ugusubiza amavuta mu cyuma gitandukanya amavuta, ubundi ni ugusubiza amavuta mu muyoboro usubiza umwuka.
Akamashini gatandukanya amavuta gashyirwa ku muyoboro usohora umwuka wa kompreseri, muri rusange gashobora gutandukanya 50-95% by'amavuta akoreshwa. Ingaruka zo kugarura amavuta ni nziza kandi umuvuduko urihuta, ibyo bigabanya cyane ingano y'amavuta yinjira mu muyoboro wa sisitemu, bityo bikongera igihe cyo gukora nta kugarura amavuta.
Ku buryo bwo kubika ibintu bikonjesha bufite imiyoboro miremire cyane cyane, uburyo bwo gukora urubura rwuzuye, n'ibikoresho byo kumisha ibintu mu buryo bukonjesha bifite ubushyuhe buri hasi cyane, ntabwo bikunze kubaho kutagira amavuta agaruka cyangwa amavuta agaruka make cyane mu minota icumi cyangwa icumi nyuma yo gutangira imashini. Uburyo bubi butuma compressor izima kubera umuvuduko muke w'amavuta. Gushyiramo icyuma gitandukanya amavuta neza muri ubu buryo bwo gukonjesha bishobora kongera igihe cyo gukora compressor nta mavuta agarutse, kugira ngo compressor ibashe kunyura mu gihe cy'ibibazo byo kutagira amavuta agaruka nyuma yo gutangira. Amavuta yo kwisiga atatandukanyijwe azinjira muri sisitemu maze atemba hamwe n'icyuma gikonjesha kiri mu muyoboro kugira ngo habeho urujya n'uruza rw'amavuta.
Nyuma y’uko amavuta yo kwisiga yinjira mu cyuma gishyushya amazi, ku ruhande rumwe, bitewe n’ubushyuhe buke n’umushongi muke, igice cy’amavuta yo kwisiga gitandukanywa n’icyuma gikonjesha; ku rundi ruhande, ubushyuhe buba buke kandi ubushyuhe bukaba bunini, amavuta yo kwisiga atandukanye yoroshye kuyafata ku rukuta rw’imbere rw’umuyoboro, kandi biragoye kuyatemba. Uko ubushyuhe bwo kwisiga bugabanuka, ni ko bigorana kugarura amavuta. Ibi bisaba ko igishushanyo n’iyubakwa ry’umuyoboro wo kwisiga n’umuyoboro wo kugarura amazi bigomba kuba byiza kugira ngo amavuta agaruke. Uburyo busanzwe ni ugukoresha igishushanyo mbonera cy’umuyoboro umanuka no kwemeza ko umwuka utemba neza. Ku buryo bwo gukonjesha bufite ubushyuhe buke cyane, uretse guhitamo ibikoresho byo gutandukanya amavuta bikoresha ingufu nyinshi, ubusanzwe hongerwamo ibintu byihariye kugira ngo hirindwe ko amavuta yo kwisiga afunga imiyoboro ya capillary na valve zo kwagura, no gufasha amavuta kugaruka.
Mu mikoreshereze ifatika, ibibazo byo kugarura peteroli biterwa n'imiterere idahwitse y'umuyoboro wa evaporator n'umuyoboro wa gaze ugarura amazi si ibintu bidasanzwe. Kuri sisitemu za R22 na R404A, kugarura peteroli y'umuyoboro wa evaporator wuzuye biragoye cyane, kandi igishushanyo mbonera cy'umuyoboro wa evaporator ugomba kwitonda cyane. Kuri sisitemu nk'iyo, gukoresha uburyo bwo gutandukanya peteroli neza cyane bishobora kugabanya cyane ingano y'amavuta yinjira mu muyoboro wa sisitemu, bigatuma igihe umuyoboro wa gaze ugarura amazi udasubiza peteroli nyuma yo gutangiza imashini.
Iyo compressor iri hejuru kurusha evaporator, ni ngombwa ko amavuta agaruka ku muyoboro uhagaze. Umutego wo kugarura amavuta ugomba kuba muto uko bishoboka kose kugira ngo ugabanye kubika amavuta. Intera iri hagati y’amavuta agaruka igomba kuba ikwiye. Iyo umubare w’amavuta agaruka ari munini, hagomba kongerwamo amavuta yo kwisiga. Hagomba kandi kwitonderwa ku mirongo yo kugarura amavuta ya sisitemu zihinduka. Iyo umutwaro ugabanutse, umuvuduko wo kugarura umwuka uzagabanuka, kandi umuvuduko ukaba muto cyane, ibyo bikaba bidafasha kugarura amavuta. Kugira ngo amavuta agaruke munsi y’umutwaro muke, umuyoboro uhagaze ushobora gukoresha double riser.
Byongeye kandi, gutangira kenshi kwa compressor ntabwo bituma amavuta agaruka. Kubera ko igihe gihoraho cyo gukora ari gito cyane, compressor irahagarara, kandi nta gihe cyo gukora umwuka wihuta mu muyoboro ugarura amazi, bityo amavuta yo kwisiga ashobora kuguma mu muyoboro gusa. Niba amavuta yo kugarura amazi ari make ugereranyije n'amavuta akoreshwa, compressor izaba ibura amavuta. Uko igihe cyo gukora kigenda kiba gito, niko umuyoboro uba munini, niko sisitemu irushaho kuba ikomeye, niko ikibazo cyo kugarura amavuta kirushaho kugaragara. Kubwibyo, mu bihe bisanzwe, ntugatangire compressor kenshi.
Kubura amavuta bizatera kubura amavuta cyane. Impamvu nyamukuru y’ibura ry’amavuta si ingano n’umuvuduko wa compressor yo mu bwoko bwa screw, ahubwo ni ukugaruka nabi kw’amavuta muri sisitemu. Gushyiramo icyuma gitandukanya amavuta bishobora gusubiza amavuta vuba no kongera igihe cyo gukora cya compressor nta mavuta agaruke. Imiterere y’icyuma gishyushya amavuta n’umurongo wo kugarura amavuta igomba kuzirikana kugaruka kw’amavuta. Ingamba zo kubungabunga nko kwirinda gutangira kenshi, gushonga buri gihe, kongera kuzuza icyuma gikonjesha mu gihe, no gusimbuza ibice byambaye (nk’amabere) mu gihe nabyo bifasha kugaruka kw’amavuta mu gihe.
Mu gushushanya sisitemu yo gukonjesha, ubushakashatsi ku kibazo cyo kugarura amavuta ni ingenzi cyane. Gusuzuma ingingo zose ni byo byonyine bishobora kwemezwa ko sisitemu yo gukonjesha yizewe kandi yizewe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-21-2022
