Ibiryo bishya ntabwo byoroshye na gato, kuko bishobora kwangirika, kandi ikiguzi cyo gukoresha ibiryo bishya kiri hejuru cyane. Isoko rikomeye rya Carrefour, ryibanda ku biryo bishya, ryavuye ku isoko ry'Ubushinwa kubera ikiguzi kiri hejuru. Isosiyete y'ibiryo bishya muri supermarket ifite imicungire irambuye n'ubumenyi mu kubika, kubika ibintu, imiterere ndetse no kwerekana ibicuruzwa no gukata icyuma, nibindi. Izi sano ziyobora ubucuruzi bw'ibiryo bishya ndetse zikanagena ubushobozi bw'ingenzi bw'ubucuruzi bw'ibiryo bishya.
Izamuka ryihuse ry'umusaruro w'amafaranga ugera ku wa mbere
Abakora ibicuruzwa byinshi bagaragaza ko ibiribwa bishya ari urwego rukomeye cyane mu bucuruzi mu bijyanye no gukusanya abakiriya, kuko "abantu bakunda ibiryo", kandi ibiribwa bishya nabyo bishobora kongera kugurisha ibindi bicuruzwa.
“Byumvikana ko icya mbere ari ugugura ibicuruzwa, amaduka menshi ubu akoreshwa n’abahinzi mu gutanga ibicuruzwa mu buryo butaziguye, ni ukuvuga kuva mu murima kugira ngo hamenyekane umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa. Uburyo bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa mu buryo butaziguye, abahinzi n’inyungu z’iduka kugira ngo barinde umucuruzi, ikintu kitaziguye ni ukugabanya ikiguzi cy’ibicuruzwa, imboga niba igiciro ari 2.5 yuan / kg, niba atari ugutanga ibicuruzwa mu buryo butaziguye, igiciro cyo kugura gishobora kuba 2.2 yuan, kuko hari abacuruzi benshi b’imboga bo kugurisha, niba gutanga ibicuruzwa mu buryo butaziguye nta bahuza bose babifitiye uburenganzira, igiciro cyo kugura cya 2 yuan gusa gishobora kuba, noneho inyungu mbumbe yacu yariyongereye.”
Ariko kugura ibicuruzwa kugira ngo bigenzure ibiciro, kandi ntibishobora gukemura ikibazo nyamukuru cy’ubucuruzi bushya - ubushya. Bamwe mu bakora babara konti, urugero, igiciro cyo kugura cya yuan 2 / kg y’imboga runaka, mu gihe zishya zishobora kugurishwa yuan 2.5 / kg, ariko igice gishya cy’amababi yaboze gishobora kugurishwa yuan 2.1 / kg gusa, hanyuma igiciro cya yuan 2 / kg ntigishobora kugurishwa, bityo kwihutisha ubucuruzi ni ukugumana ubushya, kugira ngo ibicuruzwa bishya bikomeze kuba ingenzi.
“Aha tugomba kuvuga ku mahame y’ingenzi yo gucunga ibintu bishya, kugira ngo twihutishe umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa bishya bya mbere mu gihe cy’ibicuruzwa bishya bya buri munsi uko bishoboka kose kugira ngo tugurishe ibicuruzwa bishya kugira ngo hirindwe ko biba igihombo, ibicuruzwa bishya n’ibishaje bigomba gushyirwa ukwabyo, ntibishobora kwitiranywa, ntibishobora guha abashyitsi kumva ko atari bishya, ariko kandi kugira ngo birinde ko ibicuruzwa bishya n’ibitari bishya ‘bishobora kwambukana’, kugira ngo hirindwe ko ubushyuhe muri rusange bugabanuka. Kubwibyo, abakozi bo mu ishami rishinzwe ibiribwa bishya bagomba gukora igenzura rimwe na rimwe kugira ngo ibiryo bishya bigume ku bushyuhe bukwiye bwo muri firigo. Kugira ngo ibiryo bishya bikomeze kuba bishya kandi bigire igipimo cyo hejuru cy’ibicuruzwa bishya, ni ngombwa gukurikiza ihame rya “banza kwinjira, banza gusohoka”, kugenzura neza ububiko no kugumana ibicuruzwa “banza kwinjira, banza gusohoka”.
Mu by’ukuri, gukurikiza ihame rya "mbere musohoka mbere" ntabwo byoroshye, kuko ibicuruzwa bishaje biba bihagaze neza, mu gihe ibicuruzwa bishya byoroshye kugurisha, bityo bamwe mu bakozi bashya rimwe na rimwe bavanga ibicuruzwa bishaje n'ibishya, cyangwa se "nyuma musohoka mbere".
Gushya bigomba guha abantu kumva ko ari bishya, bityo guhura n’ibintu bishya bigomba kwangirika cyangwa kwangirika vuba, ntugatekereze ko ari imyanda, mu by’ukuri, gutakaza igice cy’ibicuruzwa byangiritse, kugira ngo amashelufu mashya yose asa neza, ariko bizihutisha igurishwa risanzwe n’izunguruka ry’ibicuruzwa bishya, muri rusange bituma amafaranga yinjira mu masahani mashya. Ahubwo, iduka ry’ibicuruzwa bishya ritashaka gukorana n’ibicuruzwa byahagaze rizasigara ridafite aho rihuriye, bigatuma ibicuruzwa bishya na byo bihagarara hanyuma bikaba ibicuruzwa byangiritse, bigatuma habaho imyanda myinshi.
Wige uburyo bwo kuringaniza amafunguro atatu ku munsi n'inyungu mbumbe
Kubera ko ibicuruzwa bishya bifitanye isano rya bugufi n'ameza abantu basangira, ibyo kugurisha ku bicuruzwa bishya bigomba kwigwa mu mafunguro atatu y'umuguzi ku munsi, cyane cyane mu maduka manini yo mu gace k'iwabo.
“Urugero, niba ibyiciro bisanzwe ari 3.000, umubare w’ibyiciro ushobora kugabanuka ukagera kuri 1.200, 900 cyangwa 700 bitewe n’ingano n’ubuso bw’iduka, kuko abakiriya bafite inzira yo guhitamo. Ariko niba ari supermarket isanzwe ifite metero kare ibihumbi cyangwa ndetse n’iduka rito rifite metero kare amagana, ibyiciro bike gusa bishobora kuba, uko ibyiciro bike ari ko umukiriya ashobora guhitamo vuba kandi akihutisha ibicuruzwa. By’umwihariko, amaduka mato n’aciriritse yafunguwe mu baturage, ibicuruzwa bisa ni bimwe gusa, urugero, amagi, mbere byari bifite nibura ibirango 5-6 bitandukanye, ariko mu baturage iduka ryiza ryorohereza abantu ni ikirango cy’amagi menshi gusa, bitewe n’uburyo buke bwo guhitamo no kugura, bityo abakiriya bakunze gufata icyemezo cyo kugura mu minota itanu.” Bwana Shen yagaragaje ko intego yo kugabanya umubare w’ibyiciro kugira ngo hibandwe ku buryo bumwe na bumwe ari ukwiga amafunguro y’umukiriya ya buri munsi no kumenya ubwoko bw’ibicuruzwa bishya bikunze kugurwa n’abakiriya mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi.
Imwe mu mpamvu zituma ibicuruzwa bishya bya RT-Mart bigenda neza cyane ni uko byakorewe inyigo nini y’amakuru ku bicuruzwa byo kwishyura kugira ngo harebwe ibicuruzwa bishya bikunzwe cyane, cyane cyane ibijyanye n’amafunguro ya buri munsi.
“Mu bushakashatsi bwacu ku mafunguro atatu ku munsi, twasanze abakiriya benshi bakunda ibiryo bishya byoroshye byatunganyijwe, bityo twibanda ku gusunika amakaroni, ibiryo bitetse ndetse tunatangiza ibintu bishya bisukuye hamwe n’inyama nziza n’imboga, bihura n’ibyo abakiriya bakeneye buri munsi kandi bikagurishwa neza.”
Ku rundi ruhande, Carrefour yafashe ubu bushakashatsi cyane cyane
Tuzagurisha ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa bishya bikurura cyane mu gihombo, ni ukuvuga kugira ngo tubone inyungu mbumbe mbi, hamwe n'ibi biciro biri hasi n'ibicuruzwa bikurura cyane kugira ngo bikurure abakiriya kugura, ariko urabizi, akenshi abakiriya ntibagura ibicuruzwa bimwe gusa, tuzaba turi mu miterere y'ibicuruzwa kandi imiterere y'aho ibicuruzwa bizabera izaba inyungu mbumbe mbi, inyungu mbumbe iri hagati n'inyungu mbumbe nyinshi bivanze, ku buryo abakiriya bihutiraga kugura ibicuruzwa bihendutse, ariko ibisubizo byanaguze inyungu nyinshi mbumbe iri hagati n'iri hejuru Mu by'ukuri, umucuruzi yunguka amafaranga kandi akihutisha igipimo cy'inyungu mbumbe z'ibicuruzwa bishya.
Ibikoresho by'inyongera
Uretse amategeko atandukanye yavuzwe haruguru, hari n'ibindi bikoresho bishobora gufasha mu gucunga umusaruro mushya.
“Ubuyobozi bw’iduka bwabonye ko ababyeyi benshi, cyane cyane abageze mu za bukuru, basigaga abana babo ku ishuri mu gitondo bakajya guhaha muri iryo duka. Bityo iduka rya Century Lianhua ryafunguye isaha imwe mbere y’andi maduka kandi ryakoze igurishwa ryihariye ry’ibiribwa bishya mu gihe gito muri iyi saha, ibyo bikaba byarakuruye abaturage benshi bo hafi aho gupiganirwa kugura. Kandi ku isoko rya nimugoroba, ni ukuvuga nyuma ya saa mbiri z’ijoro, iduka rizajya rigurisha ibicuruzwa byinshi bishya ku giciro gito. Ubu buryo bwo “gutandukanya igihe” bwo gukora ibikoresho by’ibiryo bishya bwihuse cyane ku gipimo cy’ibicuruzwa bishya, bugabanya igihombo.”
Urugero, amaduka makuru ya OLE ashyira imbuto n'imboga iruhande rw'amabara atandukanye, kandi agatuma abantu bumva ko ari benshi iyo bashyize hamwe ibicuruzwa bishya kugira ngo abakiriya bumve ko ibyo bicuruzwa bihagije kandi ko ibicuruzwa ari bishya. Amwe mu maduka makuru anyanyagiza amazi ku mbuto n'imboga, hamwe n'ibitonyanga by'amazi by'imbuto n'imboga bigaragaza cyane cyane ko ari bishya. Dukurikije imibare ituzuye y'inganda, ubu buryo bwo kwerekana ibicuruzwa bushobora kongera nibura 10% kugeza kuri 15% by'ibicuruzwa bishya bigurishwa.
Ingaruka zitaziguye ku micungire y'ibikomoka ku bimera bishya ni imiterere y'abantu. “Mu ishami rishinzwe ibiribwa bishya muri iryo duka, abakiriya babona inyama zaciwe, ariko inyuma hari ingurube yose, ikoreshwa n'icyuma cy'umwuga ku ngurube yose ku bice bitandukanye by'icyaciwe nyuma y'ibiciro bitandukanye bishyizwe muri firigo y'imbere, bivuze ko icyuma cyiza gishobora gucamo ingurube neza, uko bishoboka kose kugira ngo ibice bigurishwe neza kugira ngo wongere inyungu. Ku rundi ruhande, umuntu utaramenya uburambe ashobora gutuma inyama zipfa ubusa. Hari igihe umuntu ukata neza ashobora kugabanya hafi $100 cyangwa ndetse n'amagana y'ingurube ku ngurube kurusha umuntu ukata nabi. Ibi bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku nyungu z'ishami rishinzwe ibiribwa.”
Kugira ngo abakozi bo mu ishami ry’ibikomoka ku bimera bishya bashishikarizwe, CR Vanguard iherutse gutangiza “sisitemu y’abafatanyabikorwa mu bimera bishya.” Mu makuru y’imbere ya Vanguard yo mu Bushinwa, abakozi batandukanye b’ibiribwa bishya bazaba bafite akazi gatandukanye, bazagira amanota atandukanye, hakurikijwe ibipimo bya buri wese kugira ngo bagere kuri bonus, aho, umubare w’igihembo cy’intego ushobora gushingira ku mushahara uhoraho w’ikipe, ushobora kandi kugenwa n’ishami ry’ubucuruzi ryonyine; ibipimo bya buri gihembwe kugira ngo bigere kuri 100% ~ 150%, umubare w’inyongera w’ibipimo bya buri gihembwe ukaba 0 ~ 30%; ibipimo bya buri mwaka kugira ngo bigere kuri 100% ~ 150%, bonus y’ibipimo bya buri mwaka ikaba 0 ~ 30%. 150%, bonus y’umwaka ni 0 ~ 50%. Iyi “sisitemu y’abafatanyabikorwa bashya” nayo ifasha abayobozi bashya n’abakozi bo ku murongo w’imbere kugira ngo bongere imikorere myiza. (Retail Dynamics).)
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 17 Mata 2023
