Mu myaka 50 ishize, icyo washinze Wal-Mart, Sam Walton, yakundaga cyane ni ugutwara indege ye nto ajya gusura amaduka ahantu hatandukanye, cyangwa gushaka imishinga mishya;
RT-Mart ishimangira ko abayobozi bakuru basura amaduka ku giti cyabo iminsi 365 mu mwaka, kandi umuyobozi wayo Huang Mingduan akunze gusura amaduka rimwe na rimwe.
Umwami w’iduka rimwe Ito Yokado (iduka rimwe mu Bushinwa rigura miliyoni 576 z’amayuani, Wal-Mart na Carrefour bagurisha miliyoni 147 z’amayuani na miliyoni 208 z’amayuani), kandi umuyobozi waryo, Tomihiro Saegada, amaze imyaka irenga icumi acuruza buri munsi.
Ibibazo mu igenzura ry'iduka
Kugenzura ubucuruzi bw'amaduka ni ingenzi, ariko kugenzura ubucuruzi bw'amaduka nabyo bifite ibibazo bibiri.
Mbere na mbere, abacuruzi benshi bakunda gukoresha amategeko gusa.
Nubwo iduka ryaba ririnzwe n’abagenzuzi, ibibazo byinshi byavutse muri iryo duka ntabwo byakemutse neza. Abayobozi benshi b’amaduka bafata igenzura ry’amaduka nk’uburyo bwo kwishimisha. Mu by’ukuri, mpagaze mu iduka ryanjye, nkibona abakozi nibura mirongo cyangwa amagana, ndeba isura y’icyubahiro ya buri wese, numva meze nk’umujenerali n’umuhanga mu by’ukuri. Abantu benshi bafite iyi myumvire. Igihe iduka ryabaga ririmo rigenzura: “Aha hantu si heza, ngomba kuhakosora”, “Navuze kuri aha hantu inshuro nyinshi, kuki hakiri hameze gutya?” Abayobozi n’abayobozi b’amatsinda bari inyuma bafashe umutwe umwe umwe bati: “Yego. Yego, hindura ako kanya, uhindure ako kanya”.
Abayobozi bose b'amaduka bari muri ubwo bwoko bw'ubuyobozi bananiwe cyane ku kazi, kuko ibintu byose bigomba kwimurwa ubwabo mbere yuko byimurwa. Iduka ntirizamwimukana. Aba bayobozi b'amaduka barananiwe. Muri icyo gihe, yasaga n'uwishimira iki gitekerezo - nk'aho atashoboraga kwimuka nyuma y'uko iduka rigenda. Ariko nagenda, azaba afite amahirwe menshi yo gutanga amabwiriza kurusha wowe igihe azaba ahindutse. Rero ndashaka kwerekana ko afite agaciro kandi ahagaze neza kuri iri duka. Igitekerezo ni ubuswa cyane, ubupfapfa, kandi giteye amakenga muri iryo duka. Igisubizo nta gifasha.
Icya kabiri, abantu bake ni bo bafite ubuhanga mu kugenzura amaduka.
Umucuruzi mukuru Liu Geng yongeye gushyira ahagaragara amakuru ya Wal-Mart yerekeye gusura Gao Fulan mu maduka kuri Weibo maze arandika ati: “Gusuzuma amaduka ni itegeko ku bacuruzi kandi ni ingenzi mu buyobozi. Ikibabaje ni uko muri iki gihe, abantu bake bafite ubuhanga mu kugenzura amaduka ari bake, ibyo bikaba bikwiye kwitabwaho. “Yavuze ababaye ati: “Si buri wese uzasura iduka agasanga ikibazo nyuma yo kugendagenda, ariko ntibishobora gukemuka. Ibisubizo biracyari bimwe.”
Wang Chen, ufite uburambe bw'imyaka myinshi mu gucunga ikirango, yizera ko 70% by'abagenzuzi bashobora gusanga ibibazo aho iduka risuzumira, hanyuma bagatanga inama; 20% by'abagenzuzi bashobora gusesengura neza ibibazo, nko impamvu igiciro cy'imigabane kuri buri mukiriya cyagabanutse n'impamvu ububiko ari bunini cyane; 10% gusa by'abagenzuzi ni bo bashobora gukemura ibibazo, nko gutanga inama ku byo guhaha kugira ngo bongere ibiciro by'imigabane y'abakiriya no gufasha mu gusesengura ububiko budakora neza.
None se, twakora dute akazi gasa n'aho koroshye ko kugenzura amaduka?
Shyiraho uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura iduka
Inganda zicuruza ni ubucuruzi buciriritse. Kenshi na kenshi, ibigo bicuruza bigomba kwishingikiriza ku ngaruka z’ubunini kugira ngo bitere imbere. Uburyo busanzwe bushobora kongera ingaruka z’ingaruka z’ubunini. Kubwibyo, ibigo bicuruza muri rusange byashyizeho uburyo bwo kugenzura ubucuruzi kugira ngo bikomeze kugendera ku rugero ruhamye, kugira ngo amaduka n’amashami biri hepfo bibashe gushyira mu bikorwa byose mu buryo bwateguwe kandi bunoze, kuva ku mukozi kugeza ku buyobozi kugeza ku rwego rwo hejuru, gukurikiza ubu buryo kugira ngo bigenzure. Bika, genzura buri kantu kose.
Urugero, ishami ry’iduka risura iduka inshuro 2-3 ku munsi, hanyuma umuyobozi w’ishami, visi perezida w’urwego, umuyobozi w’iduka, umuyobozi mukuru w’akarere, umuyobozi mukuru w’akarere, visi perezida w’igihugu, na perezida. Buri cyumweru gifite gahunda yacyo yo kugenzura iduka, izagirira akamaro ikigo mu gihe kirekire.
Imitekerereze ikwiye kandi usobanure neza intego y'iduka
Zhang Ren, wahoze ari umuyobozi mukuru w’ibikorwa bya Walmart mu Bushinwa, afite uburambe bw’imyaka irenga icumi mu gucunga ubucuruzi. Agomba kuba afite intego eshatu buri gihe asura amaduka - gusobanukirwa iduka, kuvugana n’abakiriya no kuvugana n’abakozi, hanyuma akagenda mu mirongo y’amashelufu ari aho akorera. Kuva ku nini kugeza ku nto, gahunda y’abakozi, SKU, n’inyungu mbumbe ya buri gicuruzwa byose biri mu rwego rw’iduka rye.
Gusa ni ukwicisha bugufi, kwikuramo imyumvire yo "kuba umuyobozi", no gusobanura intego y'iduka, abashinzwe kugenzura ibicuruzwa bashobora kubona ikibazo neza no gukemura ikibazo neza. Uburyo bw'ibanze bwo kugenzura ibicuruzwa ni ugukora igenzura ry'imicungire n'ubucuruzi kugira ngo barebe igipimo cy'igicuruzwa gipfa ubusa, ubushya, igipimo cy'imigabane, igipimo cy'imigabane kidakoreshejwe, kwerekana ubwiza, guhuza, n'ibindi, no kubikemura ako kanya. Aha, abayobozi bakuru bashobora kwigisha binyuze mu rugero no mu rugero, guha abakozi ubunararibonye bwabo bw'imyaka myinshi, kubigisha uburyo bwo gucunga ububiko, uburyo bwo kwerekana ibicuruzwa, n'uburyo bwo guhuza ibicuruzwa bigurishwa. Iyi iracyari inzira nziza yo guhugura no gusakaza umuco w'ibigo.
Sobanura ibikubiye mu buyobozi bw'iduka
Gukurikirana iduka si ukuzenguruka gusa mu iduka, ahubwo bisaba no kumenya no gusesengura ibice bitandukanye by'iduka.
Muri icyo gihe, iyo ugenzura iduka, ihame ryo kudahindura ibyo abakiriya bagura ni ryo rikwiye kuba ihame, kandi ihame ryo "kubanza umukiriya" rigomba gufatwa nk'ihame. Iyo uhuye n'ibibazo by'abakiriya, bigomba gusubizwa no gusobanurwa ako kanya, kandi gutoranya amakuru mu buryo butunguranye birabujijwe cyane. Ni ngombwa kandi gutanga urugero mu gihe ugenzura iduka no kwigisha abakozi kwiyumvamo inshingano. Ni ngombwa kwandika inyandiko z'ibibazo byabonetse no kubikemura ku gihe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 31-2021
