1. Imiterere y'ibidukikije
(1) Mbere yo kubaka ububiko bukonje, umukoresha asabwa kumanura hasi y'ubuso bukonje ho mm 200-250, no gutegura hasi;
(2) Imiyoboro y'amazi yo hasi n'imiyoboro y'amazi yo mu bwoko bwa condensate bigomba gusigara munsi ya buri bubiko bukonje. Nta muyoboro w'amazi yo hasi urimo muri firigo kandi imiyoboro y'amazi yo mu bwoko bwa condensate igomba kuba iri hanze y'ububiko bukonje;
(3) Ububiko bw'ubushyuhe buke busaba gushyiraho insinga zishyushya hasi, kandi imwe iba yiteguye gukoreshwa indi. Nyuma y'uko insinga zishyushya hasi zishyizwe hasi, urwego rwo gukingira hasi rushobora gushyirwaho uburebure bwa mm 2 z'uburinzi bwa mbere. Niba hasi aho ububiko bukonje ari hasi cyane, insinga zishyushya ntizishobora gukoreshwa hasi aho ububiko buherereye mu bushyuhe buke.
2. Ikibaho cyo gukingira ubushyuhe
Ikibaho cyo gukingira amashanyarazi kigomba kubahiriza amahame ngenderwaho y’igihugu kandi kikagira raporo y’ibizamini iturutse ku Kigo gishinzwe Ubugenzuzi bwa Tekiniki.
2.1 Ibikoresho byo gukingira ubwiza
Ibikoresho byo gukingira ubushyuhe bigomba gukoresha ikibaho cyo gukingira ubushyuhe cya polyurethane gifite icyuma gipfundikiye cya pulasitiki cyangwa icyuma kitagira umugese ku mpande zombi, gifite ubugari bwa mm 100 nibura. Ibikoresho byo gukingira ubushyuhe birarinda umuriro kandi nta CFC zirimo. Byemerewe kongeramo igice runaka cy'ibikoresho byo gushimangira ubushyuhe kugira ngo birusheho kunoza imikorere, ariko ntibishobora kugabanya imikorere yo gukingira ubushyuhe.
2.2 Impande z'urukuta zirimo ubushyuhe
(1) Imbere n'inyuma ni amasahani y'icyuma afite amabara menshi.
(2) Urupapuro rw'icyuma rufite amabara agomba kuba adafite uburozi, adafite impumuro mbi, adashobora kwangirika, kandi agakurikiza amahame mpuzamahanga y'isuku y'ibiribwa.
2.3 Ibisabwa muri rusange ku bijyanye n'imikorere y'ubushyuhe
(1) Nta bikoresho by’ubushyuhe byagaragaye byemerewe gushyirwa ku buso bw’aho icyuma gikingira ubushyuhe gishyirwa, kandi nta nenge zigomba kuba zifite ubugari burenga mm 1.5 ku buso bw’aho igikoresho gikingira ubushyuhe gishyirwa.
(2) Ubuso bw'ikibaho gikingira ubushyuhe bugomba kuguma buringaniye kandi bunoze, kandi ntihagomba kubaho guhindagurika, gushwanyagurika, gucikagurika, cyangwa inenge zitangana.
(3) Ingamba zo kongera imbaraga zemewe zifatwa imbere mu kibaho cyo gukingira ubushyuhe kugira ngo hongerwe imbaraga za mekanike, ariko ntibyemewe kugabanya ingaruka zabyo zo gukingira ubushyuhe.
(4) Ibikoresho bikikije ikibaho gikingira ubushyuhe bigomba kuba bifite ubucucike bwinshi nk'ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe, kandi ibindi bikoresho bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi ntibyemewe.
(5) Hakwiye kubaho ingamba zo gukumira ibiraro bikonje ku ihuriro riri hagati y’ibice by’ubushyuhe n’ubutaka.
(6) Impande ziri hagati y’ibibaho bikingira ubushyuhe zigomba gufungwa n’ikirahure cyangwa ikindi kintu kidahumanya, kidafite impumuro idasanzwe, kidahinduka ibintu byangiza, cyujuje ibisabwa mu isuku y’ibiribwa kandi kikagira ubushobozi bwo gufunga neza.
(7) Imiterere y'aho uhuza hagati y'udupfunyika tw'ubushyuhe igomba kwemeza ko hagati y'ingingo n'aho ingingo zihurira bikomeye.
2.4 Ibisabwa mu gushyiraho ubushyuhe
Umugozi uri hagati y’imbaho z’ububiko n’imbaho z’ububiko ugomba kuba ufunze neza, igice kiri hagati y’imbaho ebyiri z’ububiko kigomba kuba kiri munsi ya mm 1.5, kandi imiterere igomba kuba ikomeye kandi yizewe. Nyuma yo gufunga igice cy’ububiko, ingingo zose z’imbaho z’ububiko zigomba gusigwaho ifunga rihoraho kandi ringana. Imiterere y’ingingo zitandukanye irasobanurwa hano hepfo.
2.5 Imbonerahamwe y'icyitegererezo cy'imigozi y'ibitabo
Iyo uburebure bw'igisenge burenze metero 4 cyangwa igisenge cy'ububiko bukonje cyashyizwemo ibintu, igisenge cy'ububiko bukonje kigomba kuzamurwa. Aho icyuma gishyirwa kigomba gutorwa hagati mu gice cy'ububiko. Kugira ngo imbaraga ziri ku gice cy'ububiko zihuze uko bishoboka kose, icyuma cya aluminiyumu cyangwa umupfundikizo w'ibihumyo bigomba gukoreshwa nk'uko bigaragara ku ishusho.
2.6 Ibisabwa mu gufunga ingingo z'imbaho zirinda ubushyuhe ziri mu bubiko
(1) Hagomba gukorwa ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ibikoresho byo gukingira ubushyuhe by’urukuta ruri ku ihuriro riri hagati y’urukuta n’ubutaka bifatanye neza n’ibikoresho byo gukingira ubushyuhe biri hasi, kandi bikingirwa neza kandi bikirinda ubushuhe.
(2) Niba ingingo z'imbaho zikingira ubushyuhe zifunze kandi zifatanye no gusukwa no gufuro aho hantu, mbere ya byose, banza urebe neza ko ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe by'imbaho ebyiri zikingira ubushyuhe bishobora gufatanywa neza, hanyuma ukoreshe kaseti yo gufunga kugira ngo ufatanye neza ubuso bungana kugira ngo ukureho icyuho kandi urebe neza ko insulation ifatanye neza.
(3) Ibikoresho byo gufunga biri ku ihuriro ry'ikibaho cyo gukingira ubushyuhe ubwabyo bigomba kuba birwanya gusaza, birwanya ingese, ntibigire uburozi, nta mpumuro idasanzwe, nta bintu byangiza bihinduka, byujuje ibisabwa mu isuku y'ibiribwa kandi bifite ubushobozi bwo gufunga neza. Ibikoresho byo gufunga biri ku ihuriro ntibigomba kwimurwa cyangwa kuva aho biri kugira ngo hamenyekane ko ihuriro riri ku ihuriro rito kandi ringana.
(4) Niba kaseti yo gufunga ikoreshwa mu gufunga ingingo z'ibice bikingira ubushyuhe, ingano y'ingingo ntigomba kurenza 3mm.
(5) Utwuma dukingira ubushyuhe tugize ububiko tugomba kuba dufatanye mu cyerekezo cyabwo cy’uburebure, tudafite ingingo zo hagati zitambitse.
(6) Ubunini bw'urwego rwo gukingira ubushyuhe rw'aho kubika ibintu bikonje bugomba kuba ≥ 100mm.
(7) Ingamba zigomba gufatwa kugira ngo hagabanywe ingaruka z' "ikiraro gikonje" ku miterere y'aho igisenge cy'aho ububiko giterurwa, kandi imyobo iri aho ububiko buterurwa igomba gufungwa.
(8) Uburyo ubushyuhe butwara ibikoresho byo mu gice cyo guterura gihujwe n'ikibaho cy'ububiko bugomba kuba buto, kandi ubuso bw'imbere bw'ububiko nabwo bugomba gupfukwa n'umupfundikizo w'ibikoresho bimwe.
3. Ibisabwa ku muryango wo kubika ibintu bikonjesha mbere
1) Ububiko bukonje bwateguwe mbere bufite ubwoko butatu bw'inzugi: urugi rufite amapine, urugi ruzunguruka rufite uruhande rumwe, n'urugi ruzunguruka rufite uruhande rumwe.
2) Ubunini, urwego rw'ubuso n'imikorere y'ubushyuhe ku muryango w'ububiko bukonje ni bimwe n'iby'aho ububiko bubikwa, kandi imiterere y'urugi n'umuryango ntibigomba kugira ibiraro bikonje.
3) Inzugi zose zibikwamo ubukonje buciriritse zigomba gushyirwamo ibikoresho bishyushya amashanyarazi cyangwa ibikoresho bishyushya biciriritse kugira ngo hirindwe ko urugi rudakonja. Iyo hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bishyushya amashanyarazi, ibikoresho bishyushya amashanyarazi n'ingamba z'umutekano bigomba gutangwa.
4) Inzugi za firigo nto na firigo ni inzugi zikozwe mu maboko ku ruhande. Ubuso bw'urugi busabwa kuba bumwe n'ubw'agace gakingira ubushyuhe. Nta "kiraro gikonje" kigomba kuba kiri ku mukingo w'urugi n'imiterere y'urugi, kandi urugi rugomba kuba ruri hejuru ya dogere 90.
5) Urugi rwo kubikamo ibintu bikonje rufite ingufuri y'urugi, kandi ingufuri y'urugi ifite ubushobozi bwo kurekura ibintu mu buryo bwizewe.
6) Inzugi zose z'ububiko zigomba kuba zoroshye kandi zoroheje kugira ngo zifunguke kandi zifungwe. Aho zifungira urugi n'umuryango ubwabyo bigomba kuba byoroshye kandi birambuye, kandi ntihagomba kubaho uduce duto, uduce duto, cyangwa impera z'imigozi zigoramye cyangwa zigaragara kugira ngo zitere gushwanyagurika no gukaraba. Bishobora gushyirwa ku nkengero z'urugi.
4. Ibikoresho by'isomero
1) Ububiko bukonjesha mu bushyuhe buke (ubushyuhe bwo kubika <-5°C = igikoresho gishyushya gikoresha amashanyarazi kirwanya gukonjesha n'igikoresho gikoresha ikoranabuhanga kigenzura ubushyuhe kigomba gushyirwa munsi y'ubutaka kugira ngo birinde gukonjesha no guhinduka kw'ubuso bwo hasi bw'ikibaho cyo kubikamo.
2) Ububiko bufite amatara ya fluorescent adapfa ubushuhe n'adashobora guturika, ashobora gukora neza kuri -25°C. Igicucu cy'itara kigomba kuba kidapfa ubushuhe, kidapfa kwangirika, kidapfa aside, kandi kidapfa alkali. Ubushyuhe bw'urumuri mu bubiko bugomba kuba bwujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo ibicuruzwa byinjire, bisohoke kandi bibikwe, kandi urumuri rwo hasi rugomba kuba rurenze 200lux.
3) Ibikoresho byose n'ibikoresho biri mu bubiko bukonje bigomba kuvurwa mu buryo burwanya ingese no kurwanya ingese, ariko bigomba gukorwa neza ko irangi ridafite uburozi, ritanduza ibiribwa, ridafite impumuro idasanzwe, ryoroshye koza, ritoroshye kororoka bagiteri, kandi ryujuje ibisabwa mu isuku y'ibiribwa.
4) Imyobo y'imiyoboro igomba kuba ifunze neza, idapfa ubushuhe kandi idafite ubushyuhe, kandi ubuso bugomba kuba bwiza.
5) Ububiko bukonjesha mu bushyuhe buke bugomba kugira igikoresho cyo kuringaniza umuvuduko kugira ngo hirindwe kandi haveho itandukaniro rikabije ry'umuvuduko w'umubiri ubikwamo n'ihindagurika ry'umubiri ubikwamo riterwa n'impinduka zitunguranye z'ubushyuhe.
6) Ibikoresho birwanya impanuka bigomba gushyirwa ku ruhande rw'inzira inyuma y'aho ububiko bukonje. Imbere mu muryango w'ububiko hagomba gushyirwaho umwenda wa pulasitiki ubonerana kandi udashobora gukonja.
7) Igipimo cy'ubushyuhe gikenewe gushyirwa hafi y'umuryango w'ububiko.
8) Ububiko bukonjesha bugomba kuba bufite umuyoboro w'amazi yo hasi kugira ngo imyanda ibashe gusohoka mu gihe cyo gusukura ububiko bukonjesha.
5. Amahame ngenderwaho yo guhitamo ibikoresho by'ingenzi n'ibindi bikoresho
Ibikoresho byose bigomba kubahiriza amahame ngenderwaho y’igihugu, kandi bikaba bifite icyemezo cy’uko bihuye n’ibyo bipimo na raporo y’ibizamini ivuye mu Biro Bishinzwe Ubugenzuzi bw’Ikoranabuhanga.
Amabwiriza agenga ishyirwaho ry'ibikoresho bikonjesha umwuka n'imiyoboro
1. Gushyiraho icyuma gikonjesha
1) Aho icyuma gikonjesha umwuka gishyirwa hagomba kuba kure y'umuryango w'ububiko, hagati mu rukuta, kandi icyuma gikonjesha umwuka nyuma yo gushyirwaho kigomba kuguma mu buryo butambitse;
2) Igikoresho gikonjesha gishyirwa hejuru y'inzu, kandi igikoresho cyacyo kigomba gukomezwa n'udupira twa nylon twihariye (nylon y'ibikoresho 66) kugira ngo hirindwe ko habaho ibiraro bikonje;
3) Iyo imigozi ikoreshwa mu gukonjesha icyuma gikonjesha umwuka, ni ngombwa gushyiraho ibiti kare bifite uburebure burenga mm 100 n'ubugari burenga mm 5 hejuru y'igisenge kugira ngo byongere ubuso bw'ikibaho cy'ububiko, birinde ikibaho cy'ububiko kwangirika, kandi birinde ko ibiraro bikonjesha bibaho;
4) Intera iri hagati y'icyuma gikonjesha umwuka n'urukuta rw'inyuma ni 300-500mm, cyangwa hakurikijwe ingano yatanzwe n'uruganda rukora ibikoresho bikonjesha umwuka;
5) Icyerekezo cy'umuyaga w'icyuma gikonjesha umwuka ntigishobora gusubizwa inyuma kugira ngo icyuma gikonjesha umwuka gihuhe hanze;
6) Iyo ububiko bukonje burimo gushonga, moteri y'umufana igomba gukurwaho kugira ngo hirindwe ko umwuka ushyushye uhuha mu bubiko mu gihe cyo gushonga;
7) Uburebure bw'umutwaro w'ububiko bukonje bugomba kuba munsi ya cm 30 ugereranyije n'ubuso bw'icyuma gikonjesha.
2. Gushyiraho umuyoboro wa firigo
1) Mu gushyiraho valve yo kwagura, ipaki ipima ubushyuhe igomba gushyirwa hejuru y'umuyoboro usubiza umwuka utambitse, kandi ikagenzura ko ihura neza n'umuyoboro usubiza umwuka. Igice cyo hanze cy'umuyoboro usubiza umwuka kigomba kuba gitwikiriwe kugira ngo hirindwe ko ipaki ipima ubushyuhe yangizwa n'ubushyuhe bwo kubika;
2) Mbere y'uko umuyoboro ugarura umwuka w'icyuma gikonjesha umwuka uva mu bubiko, hagomba gushyirwaho umuyoboro ugarura amavuta hepfo y'umuyoboro uzamuka;
3) Iyo icyumba gikorerwamo firigo n'ububiko bukorerwamo firigo cyangwa akabati gafite ubushyuhe buciriritse bisangiye igice kimwe, hagomba gushyirwaho valve igenzura umuvuduko w'umwuka mbere yuko umuyoboro w'umwuka ugaruka w'icyumba gikorerwamo firigo uhuzwa n'imiyoboro y'ibindi bikoresho bikorerwamo firigo cyangwa akabati gafite ubushyuhe buciriritse;
4) Buri bubiko bukonjesha bugomba gushyiraho uturindantoki twigenga ku muyoboro ugarura umwuka n'umuyoboro utanga amazi kugira ngo byorohereze gutangira no kubungabunga.
Guhitamo, gusudira, gushyiramo, gufunga no kubungabunga ubushyuhe bw'indi miyoboro bigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe amahame yavuzwe mu "Amahame ngenderwaho y'Ubwubatsi, Ibikoresho byo mu Miyoboro ya Friji n'Igenzura".
3. Gushyiraho imiyoboro y'amazi
1) Umuyoboro w'amazi unyura mu bubiko ugomba kuba mugufi uko bishoboka kose; umuyoboro w'amazi unyura hanze y'ububiko ugomba gukoreshwa ahantu hatagaragara inyuma cyangwa ku ruhande rw'ububiko bukonje kugira ngo hirindwe kugongana no kugira ingaruka ku isura;
2) Umuyoboro w'amazi ukoreshwa mu gukonjesha ugomba kugira uburebure runaka bugana inyuma y'ububiko bukonje, kugira ngo amazi ashongesha ashobore gusohoka mu bubiko bukonje neza;
3) Ku bubiko bukonje kandi ubushyuhe bukoreshwa buri munsi ya dogere selisiyusi 5, umuyoboro w'amazi uri mu bubiko ugomba kuba ufite umuyoboro w'ubushyuhe (ubugari bw'urukuta burenga mm 25);
4) Insinga zishyushya zigomba gushyirwa mu muyoboro w'amazi ukoreshwa muri firigo;
5) Umuyoboro uhuza hanze y'ububiko ugomba kuba ufite umuyoboro wo gusohora amazi, kandi ugomba gushyirwaho agafunga k'amazi runaka mu muyoboro kugira ngo wirinde ko umwuka ushyushye mwinshi hanze y'ububiko winjira mu bubiko bukonje;
6) Kugira ngo hirindwe ko umuyoboro w'amazi wandura kandi ugafunga, buri bubiko bukonje bugomba gushyirwaho umuyoboro wo hasi wihariye wo gukaraba amazi (ububiko buri muri firigo bushobora gushyirwamo imbere mu bubiko, naho firigo igashyirwa hanze).
4. Andi mahame ngenderwaho y'ubuhanga
Kubaka aho icyumba cy’imashini kiri, aho umwuka uhurizwa, aho gukodesha ibikoresho, nibindi bigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe neza "Amahame Ngenderwaho yo Kubaka no Gusuzuma ku Buhanga bw'ibanze".
Kubaka amashanyarazi mu bubiko bukonjesha bigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe "Amahame ngenderwaho yo kubaka no kugenzura amashanyarazi".
5. Kubara imizigo yo kubika ibintu mu buryo bukonje
Umutwaro w'ububiko bukonje neza ugomba kubarwa hakurikijwe porogaramu yo kubara. Porogaramu zikunze gukoreshwa zirimo Wittboxnp 4.12, Crs.exe, nibindi. Niba ibintu nk'ububiko bw'ibiribwa, ubushyuhe bwo kubika ibiribwa, igihe cyo kubika, umubare w'inzugi zifunguye, n'umubare w'abakoresha bidashobora kumenyekana, uburyo bukurikira bushobora gukoreshwa mu gupima:
5.1 Umutwaro wo gukonjesha wa firigo na firigo ubarwa hakurikijwe W0=75W/m3 kuri metero kibe imwe, kandi ukubye ibi bikurikira mu gukosora.
1) Niba V (ingano y'ububiko bukonje) < 30 m3, ku bubiko bukonje bufite imiryango myinshi ifunguka, igipimo cyo gukuba A = 1.2
2) Niba 30 m3≤V<100 m3, ububiko bukonje bufite umwanya wo gufungura imiryango kenshi, igipimo cyo gukuba A=1.1
3) Niba V≥100 m3, ububiko bukonje bufite umwanya wo gufungura imiryango kenshi, igipimo cyo gukuba A=1.0
4) Niba ari ahantu hamwe ho kubika ibintu muri konje, igipimo cyo gukuba B = 1.1, ikindi B = 1
Umutwaro wa nyuma wo gukonjesha W=A*B*W0*ingano
5.2 Guhuza imizigo hagati yo gutunganya
Ku byumba bifunguye byo gutunganyamo, banza ubare na W0 = 100W / m3 kuri metero kibe, hanyuma ukubye ibipimo bikurikira byo gukosora.
Ku cyumba gifunze cyo gutunganya, banza ubare ukurikije W0=80W/m3 kuri metero kibe, hanyuma ukubye inshuro zikurikira igipimo cyo gukosora.
1) Niba V (ingano y'icyumba cyo gutunganya) < 50 m3, kubitaho ukoresheje igipimo A = 1.1
2) Niba V≥50 m3, igipimo cyo gukuba A=1.0
Umutwaro wa nyuma wo gukonjesha W=A*W0*volume
5.3 Mu bihe bisanzwe, intera y'amababa y'umufana ukonjesha mu cyumba cyo gutunganya no mu bubiko bukonjesha ni 3-5mm, naho intera y'amababa y'umufana ukonjesha muri firigo ni 6-8mm
5.4 Ubushobozi bwo gushyira muri firigo bw'icyuma gikonjesha cyatoranijwe bugomba kuba ≥ umutwaro wo kubika ibintu bikonjesha / 0.85, kandi ubushyuhe bujyanye n'ubushyuhe bw'ubushyuhe bugomba kuba buri hagati ya 2-3°C n'ubushyuhe bw'ubushyuhe bw'ubushyuhe bw'umwuka (hagomba kwitabwaho igihombo cyo kwirinda).
Igihe cyo kohereza: 30 Mutarama 2023
