Compressor ni imashini igoye kandi ikora vuba cyane. Kugenzura ko compressor crankshaft, bearing, connecting rods, pistons n'ibindi bice bigenda ni byo bisabwa kugira ngo imashini ikomeze gukora neza. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abakora compressor basaba gukoresha amavuta yabugenewe, kandi bagasaba kugenzura buri gihe urwego rw'amavuta n'ibara ry'amavuta yabugenewe. Ariko, bitewe n'uburangare mu miterere y'ibikoresho bikonjesha, kubaka no kubungabunga, ibura ry'amavuta muri compressor, gukaraba no kwangirika kw'amavuta, gushonga amazi asubirana, gusohora ibyuma bikonjesha, no gukoresha amavuta yabugenewe adakoresha amavuta, nibindi, ni ibintu bisanzwe.
1. Gutera amavuta make
Impamvu itaziguye yo kwangirika: amavuta adahagije. Kubura amavuta nta kabuza bitera amavuta adahagije, ariko amavuta adahagije ntabwo biterwa no kubura amavuta.
Impamvu eshatu zikurikira zishobora no gutuma amavuta adahagije:
Igikoresho cyo kwisiga ntigishobora kugera ku buso bw'icyuma gitera imbaraga.
Nubwo amavuta yo kwisiga yageze ku buso bw'amavuta, ubushyuhe bwayo ni buto cyane ku buryo itabasha gukora agahu k'amavuta gahagije.
Nubwo amavuta yo kwisiga yageze ku buso bw'icyuma gifata amazi, arangirika bitewe no gushyuha cyane kandi ntashobora kwisiga amavuta.
Ingaruka mbi ziterwa: uburyo bwo gukurura amavuta cyangwa imiyoboro y’amavuta ifunga, kunanirwa kwa pompe y’amavuta, nibindi bizagira ingaruka ku itangwa ry’amavuta yo gusiga, kandi amavuta yo gusiga ntashobora kugera ku buso bwo gukurura kure y’ipompe y’amavuta. Urushundura rwo gukurura amavuta n’ipompe y’amavuta ni ibisanzwe, ariko kwangirika kw’ubwikorezi, icyuho kinini, nibindi bitera gusohoka kw’amavuta no kugabanuka k’umuvuduko w’amavuta, bigatuma buso bwo gukurura amavuta kure y’ipompe y’amavuta butabasha kubona amavuta yo gusiga, bigatuma habaho kwangirika no gushwanyagurika.
Bitewe n'impamvu zitandukanye (harimo n'igihe compressor itangira), ubushyuhe bw'ubuso budafite amavuta yo kwisiga buzazamuka cyane, kandi amavuta yo kwisiga azatangira kubora nyuma yo kurenza dogere selisiyusi 175. "Kudakora neza kw'amavuta yo kwisiga-guhuza-ubuso bushyuhe bwinshi-guhuza" ni imikorere isanzwe mibi, kandi impanuka nyinshi mbi, harimo no gufunga umugozi w'inkoni no gufunga piston, bifitanye isano n'iyi mizingo mibi. Mu gusimbuza plate ya valve, reba niba pin ya piston yangiritse.
2. Kubura amavuta
Kubura amavuta ni kimwe mu bibazo byoroshye kugaragara bya compressor. Iyo compressor idafite amavuta menshi, amavuta yo kwisiga aba make cyangwa ntayo aba ari muri crankcase.
Amavuta yo kwisiga ava muri compressor ntagaruka: compressor izaba idafite amavuta niba amavuta yo kwisiga atagarutse.
Hari uburyo bubiri bwo kugarura amavuta muri kompreseri:
Imwe muri zo ni amavuta agarura amavuta atandukanya amavuta.
Indi ni umuyoboro ugarura amavuta.
Imashini itandukanya amavuta ishyirwa ku muyoboro w’imashini isohora umwuka wa compressor, muri rusange ishobora gutandukanya 50-95% by’amavuta, hamwe n’ingaruka nziza zo kugarura amavuta n’umuvuduko wihuta, ibyo bigabanya cyane ingano y’amavuta yinjira mu muyoboro w’imashini, bityo bikagabanya igihe cyo kugarura amavuta. Ku buryo bwo kubika ibintu bikonjesha bufite imiyoboro miremire cyane cyane, uburyo bwo gukora urubura rwuzuye, n’ibikoresho byo kumisha ibyuma bikonjesha bifite ubushyuhe buri hasi cyane, gushyiraho imashini zitandukanya amavuta zikora neza cyane bishobora kongera igihe cyo gukora compressor nta kugarura amavuta, kugira ngo compressor ibashe kunyura mu gihe nta mbogamizi nyuma yo gutangira. Dusubire ku cyiciro cy’ibibazo by’amavuta.
Amavuta yo kwisiga ataratandukanywa azinjira muri sisitemu: azanyura hamwe n'icyuma gikonjesha kiri mu muyoboro kugira ngo habeho uruhererekane rw'amavuta.
Nyuma y'uko amavuta yo kwisiga yinjira mu cyuma gishyushya:
Ku ruhande rumwe, bitewe n'ubushyuhe buke n'uburyo bwo gushonga buke, igice cy'amavuta yo kwisiga gitandukanywa n'icyuma gikonjesha.
Ku rundi ruhande, ubushyuhe ni buke kandi ubushyuhe buri hejuru, kandi amavuta yo kwisiga atandukanye yoroshye kuyafata ku rukuta rw'imbere rw'umuyoboro, bigatuma bigoye kuyatemba.
Uko ubushyuhe bw'amazi bugabanuka, ni ko bigorana kugarura amavuta. Ibi bisaba ko igishushanyo mbonera n'iyubakwa ry'umuyoboro w'amazi n'umuyoboro w'amazi bigomba kuba byiza kugarura amavuta. Uburyo busanzwe ni ugukoresha igishushanyo mbonera cy'umuyoboro umanuka no kwemeza ko umuvuduko w'umwuka ugenda wiyongera. Ku buryo bwo gukonjesha bufite ubushyuhe buri hasi cyane, nka -85°C na -150°C mu masanduku y'ubuvuzi akoresha amazi, uretse guhitamo ibikoresho byo gutandukanya amavuta bikoresha ingufu nyinshi, ubusanzwe hongerwamo ibintu byihariye kugira ngo birinde amavuta gufunga imiyoboro ya capillary na valves zo kwagura, no gufasha amavuta kugaruka.
Mu bikorwa bifatika, ibibazo byo kugarura peteroli biterwa n'imiterere idahwitse y'imashini zihindura umwuka n'imiyoboro y'umwuka igarura umwuka si ibintu bidasanzwe. Kuri sisitemu za R22 na R404A, kugarura peteroli y'imashini ihindura umwuka yuzuye biragoye cyane, kandi igishushanyo mbonera cy'imiyoboro isubiza peteroli y'imashini kigomba kwitonderwa cyane. Gukoresha uburyo bwo gutandukanya peteroli neza cyane bishobora kugabanya cyane ingano y'amavuta yinjira mu muyoboro w'imashini, bigatuma igihe kidasubiramo peteroli mu muyoboro w'umwuka nyuma yo gutangira.
Iyo compressor iri hejuru y’icyuma gishyushya amazi, hakenewe umutego wo kugarura amavuta ku murongo uhagaze. Kugira ngo amavuta agaruke ku munsi w’umutwaro muke, umuyoboro uhagaze ushobora gukoresha umuyoboro uhagaze kabiri.
Gutangira kenshi compressor ntabwo bituma amavuta agaruka. Kubera ko igihe gihoraho cyo gukora ari gito, compressor irahagarara, kandi nta gihe cyo gukora umwuka wihuta uhoraho mu muyoboro w'umwuka ugaruka, bityo amavuta yo kwisiga ashobora kuguma mu muyoboro gusa. Niba amavuta agaruka ari make ugereranyije n'amavuta yo kwiruka, compressor izaba idafite amavuta menshi.
Iyo ifukuye, ubushyuhe bw'icyuma gishyushya amazi burazamuka, kandi ubushyuhe bw'amavuta yo gushyushya buragabanuka, bigatuma yoroha gutemba. Nyuma yo gushyushya, umuvuduko w'amazi yo gushyushya uba uri hejuru, kandi amavuta yo gushyushya arabukwa azagaruka kuri compressor. Iyo hari amazi menshi yo gushyushya amashanyarazi, umuvuduko wo kugaruka kwa gazi uragabanuka. Iyo umuvuduko uri hasi cyane, amavuta yo gushyushya azaguma mu muyoboro wa gazi yo kugarura kandi ntashobora gusubira kuri compressor vuba.
Igikoresho cyo kurinda umutekano w'umuvuduko w'amavuta kizahita gihagarara iyo nta mavuta yo kurinda compressor kwangirika. Nta kirahuri cy'amaso
Compressors zifunze neza (harimo rotor na skroli compressors) hamwe na compressors zikonjeshejwe n'umwuka zifite ibikoresho bikingira umuvuduko w'amavuta nta bimenyetso bigaragara iyo amavuta abuze, kandi ntabwo bizahagarara, kandi compressor izashira itabizi.
Urusaku rwa compressor, kuzunga cyangwa umuriro mwinshi bishobora kuba bifitanye isano no kubura amavuta, bityo ni ngombwa cyane gusuzuma neza imikorere ya compressor na sisitemu.
3. Umwanzuro
Impamvu nyamukuru y’ibura ry’amavuta si ingano n’umuvuduko wa compressor ibura amavuta, ahubwo ni ukugaruka nabi kw’amavuta muri sisitemu. Gushyiraho icyuma gitandukanya amavuta bishobora gusubiza amavuta vuba kandi bikongera igihe cyo gukora compressor nta mavuta agaruke. Imashini zishyushya amavuta n’imiyoboro yo kugarura amavuta bigomba gutegurwa hazirikanwa ku kugaruka kw’amavuta. Ingamba zo kubungabunga nko kwirinda gutangira kenshi, gushonga igihe, kongera kuzuza icyuma gikonjesha mu gihe, no gusimbuza ibice bya piston byashaje mu gihe nabyo bifasha kugaruka kw’amavuta.
Gusubiza amazi mu kirere no kwimuka kw'amavuta yo mu bwoko bwa firigo bizagabanya amavuta yo kwisiga, ibyo bikaba bitafasha mu gukora firime y'amavuta;
Kunanirwa kwa pompe y'amavuta no kuziba k'uruziga rw'amavuta bizagira ingaruka ku itangwa ry'amavuta n'umuvuduko w'amavuta, bigatuma habura amavuta ku buso bwo gukururana;
Ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'ubuso butera gushwanyagurika buzatuma amavuta yo gusiga abora kandi bigatuma amavuta yo gusiga atakaza ubushobozi bwo gusiga;
Kutagira amavuta ahagije aterwa n'ibi bibazo bitatu akenshi bitera kwangirika kwa compressor. Impamvu nyamukuru yo kubura amavuta ni sisitemu. Gusimbuza compressor cyangwa ibindi bikoresho ntabwo ari byo byonyine bishobora gukemura ikibazo cy'ibura ry'amavuta.
Kubwibyo, igishushanyo mbonera cy’imiyoboro n’iyubakwa ry’imiyoboro bigomba gusuzuma ikibazo cyo kugarura amavuta muri sisitemu, bitabaye ibyo hazabaho ibibazo bitagira iherezo! Urugero, mu gihe cyo gushushanya no kubaka, umuyoboro ugarura umwuka uva mu kirere uhabwa umugozi wo kugarura amavuta, naho umuyoboro usohora umwuka ukagira umugozi wo kugenzura. Imiyoboro yose igomba kunyura ku mazi. Icyerekezo ni ukumanuka, hamwe n’ubuhaname bwa 0.3 ~ 0.5%.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-26-2022
