Gukonjesha: Uburyo bwo gukoresha isoko y'ubushyuhe buke buturuka muri firigo kugira ngo ukonjeshe ibicuruzwa kuva ku bushyuhe busanzwe hanyuma ubikonjeshe.
Gukonjesha: Uburyo bwo kubona isoko y'ubushyuhe buke hakoreshejwe impinduka mu miterere y'umubiri w'icyuma gikonjesha kugira ngo ubone isoko y'ubushyuhe buke binyuze mu gukonjesha.
Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho bikonjesha: gukora ahantu hakonje (gukonjesha), gukonjesha ibikoresho, gukonjesha.
Uburyo bwo gushyira muri firigo: ubwoko bwa piston, ubwoko bwa screw, icyuma gikonjesha gikonjesha gikoresha centrifugal, icyuma gikonjesha gikonjesha, icyuma gikonjesha gikonjesha umuyoboro w'umwuka na azote y'amazi.
Uburyo bwo gukonjesha: gukonjesha hakoreshejwe umwuka, kwinjizwa mu mazi no gukonjesha binyuze mu muyoboro w'icyuma, igikoresho cyo gukonjesha gikozwe mu rukuta n'ibikoresho.
porogaramu:
1. Gutwara ibiryo bikonjeshejwe, bikonjeshejwe kandi bikonjeshejwe.
2. Gukonjesha, gukonjesha, kubika ibikoresho bikonjesha no gutwara ibikomoka ku buhinzi n'ibiribwa mu buryo bukonjesha.
3. Gutunganya ibiryo, nko kumisha ibiryo muri firigo, gushyira ibiryo muri firigo no gukonjesha ibikoresho.
4. Gukonjesha mu nganda zitunganya ibiribwa.
Ihame ry'imikorere y'ubukonje
Ibikoresho by'ingenzi: compressor yo gukonjesha, condenser, valve yo kwagura, evaporator.
Ihame ry’ingendo yo muri firigo: Ifu ifunze ubushyuhe ikagera aho ibira iyo iri mu bushyuhe buke n’umuvuduko muke, hanyuma ikava mu mwuka ushyushye mu bushyuhe buke n’umuvuduko muke. Ifunze ihinduka umwuka ushyushye cyane n’umuvuduko muke bitewe n’imikorere ya compressor, maze ubushyuhe bwinshi n’umuvuduko muke bihinduka amazi ashyushye cyane. Nyuma y’ingufu yo kwagura, iba amazi ashyushye mu bushyuhe buke, kandi ikongera gushyuha ikongera gushya kugira ngo ikore uruziga rwo gukonjesha rwa firigo.
Ibitekerezo n'amahame shingiro
Ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha: Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe by'imikorere (ni ukuvuga ubushyuhe runaka bwo gukonjesha, ubushyuhe bwo gukonjesha, ubushyuhe bwo gukonjesha), ingano y'ubushyuhe firigo ikura mu kintu gikonjeshejwe kuri buri gice cy'igihe. Bizwi kandi nk'ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha bwa firigo. Mu bihe bimwe, ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha bwa firigo imwe bufitanye isano n'ingano, umuvuduko n'ubushobozi bwa compressor.
Gukonjesha mu buryo butaziguye: Mu gihe cyo gukonjesha, iyo firigo ifata ubushyuhe, firigo ihinduranya ubushyuhe n'ikintu kigomba gukonjeshwa cyangwa ibidukikije bikikije ikintu kigomba gukonjeshwa. Muri rusange ikoreshwa mu bikoresho bimwe bikonjesha bisaba gukonjesha mu nganda, nko gukonjesha ice cream, ububiko buto bukonjesha na firigo zo mu rugo.
Refrigerant: Ni ikintu gikora gihora kizenguruka mu gikoresho gikonjesha kugira ngo gikonjeshe. Igikoresho gikonjesha gikonjesha umwuka gituma ubushyuhe bukwirakwira binyuze mu mpinduka mu miterere ya refrigerant. Refrigerant ni igikoresho cy'ingenzi kugira ngo gikonjeshe mu buryo bw'ubukorano.
Ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa muri firigo
Ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa mu gukonjesha: umwuka, amazi, amazi y'umunyu n'amazi y'umwimerere.
Ibipimo ngenderwaho mu guhitamo: ahantu hakonjesha hake, ubushobozi bunini bw'ubushyuhe, nta kwangirika kw'icyuma, kudahinduka kw'imiti, igiciro gito kandi byoroshye kuboneka.
Nubwo umwuka nk'icyuma gikonjesha ufite ibyiza byinshi, ukoreshwa gusa mu buryo bwo gukorana n'ibiryo mu buryo butaziguye mu biryo bikonjeshwa cyangwa mu gutunganya ibiryo mu buryo bukonjeshwa bitewe n'ubushobozi bwawo buke bwo gushyuha ndetse n'ingaruka mbi zo kohereza ubushyuhe mu buryo bwa convection iyo ukoreshejwe nk'umwuka.
Amazi afite ubushyuhe bwinshi bwihariye, ariko afite ahantu hakonje cyane, bityo ashobora gukoreshwa gusa nk'icyuma gikonjesha mu gutegura ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha buri hejuru ya 0 °C. Niba hagomba gutegurwa ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha buri munsi ya 0 °C, amazi y'umunyu cyangwa ay'umwimerere akoreshwa nk'icyuma gikonjesha.
Ibisubizo by'amazi bya sodium chloride, calcium chloride na magnesium chloride bikunze kwitwa brine ikonje. Umunyu ukonje ukoreshwa cyane mu nganda z'ibiribwa ni sodium chloride. Mu bisubizo by'umwimerere, ibisubizo bibiri bikonjesha cyane. Ni umuti w'amazi wa ethylene glycol na propylene glycol.
Igikoresho nyamukuru cy'ibikoresho byo gukonjesha bya piston
Imikorere: Ikoreshwa mu gukanda icyuma gikonjesha kugira ngo gikore akazi, kibone ingufu, hanyuma kibe gito kandi gikurwe kugira ngo kibe isoko ikonje ishobora kwinjiza ubushyuhe.
Uburyo bwo kwerekana icyitegererezo: umubare wa silindiri, ubwoko bwa firigo ikoreshwa, ubwoko bwa silindiri iteye, n'umurambararo wa silindiri.
Imiterere: Silinda, silinda, piston, inkoni ihuza, crankshaft, crankcase, valves zo kwinjira no gusohora, igifuniko cy'ikinyoma, nibindi.
Uburyo bwo gukora: Iyo piston izamutse, valve yo gukurura irafungurwa, hanyuma umwuka wo gukonjesha winjira muri silindiri iri hejuru ya piston unyuze muri valve yo gukurura. Iyo piston izamutse, valve yo gukurura irafungwa, piston ikomeza kugenda izamuka, kandi firigari iri muri silindiri. Iyo umuvuduko w'umwuka ugeze ku rwego runaka, valve yo gusohora umwuka y'igipfundikizo cy'ikinyoma irafungurwa, maze umwuka wo gukonjesha usohoka muri silindiri ugashyirwa mu muyoboro w'umuvuduko mwinshi.
Ibiranga: Imiterere yoroshye, yoroshye kuyikora, ihindagurika neza, ikora neza kandi yoroshye kuyibungabunga.
kondensateri
Imikorere: ihindura ubushyuhe, rituma umwuka ushyushye cyane w'icyuma gikonjesha uhinduka amazi binyuze mu gukonjesha no gukonjesha.
Ubwoko: igikonoshwa n'umuyoboro utambitse, igikonoshwa n'umuyoboro uhagaze, isuka ry'amazi, imyuka, gukonjesha umwuka
Uburyo bwo gukora: Umwotsi ushyushye cyane winjira muri kondensateri uturutse hejuru y'igishishwa maze ugahura n'ubukonje bw'umuyoboro, hanyuma ukivanga ukaba nk'agace k'amazi kuri wo. Mu gihe cy'imbaraga rukuruzi, kondensati imanuka ku rukuta rw'umuyoboro maze igatandukana n'urukuta rw'umuyoboro.
Imashini itera amazi igizwe n'ikigega cy'amazi, umuyoboro ukonjesha, n'ikigega gikwirakwiza amazi.
Uburyo bwo gukora: Amazi akonje yinjira mu kigega gikwirakwiza amazi avuye hejuru, maze akagera ku buso bw'inyuma bw'umuyoboro uzungurutse anyuze mu kigega gikwirakwiza amazi. Igice kimwe cy'amazi kirahinduka umwuka, hanyuma andi agwa muri pisine y'amazi. Igice cyo hasi cy'umuyoboro wihishe winjira mu muyoboro, kandi iyo uzamutse unyuze ku muyoboro, urakonjeshwa kandi ugapfunyika, maze ukinjira mu kigega cy'amazi.
Valve yo kwagura
Imikorere: kugabanya umuvuduko w'icyuma gikonjesha no kugenzura uko icyuma gikonjesha gitembera. Iyo icyuma gikonjesha gifite umuvuduko mwinshi kinyura muri valve yo kwagura, umuvuduko ugabanuka cyane ukagera ku muvuduko uva mu kirere, kandi icyarimwe, icyuma gikonjesha cy'amazi kirabira kandi kikanyunyuza ubushyuhe, kandi ubushyuhe bwacyo buragabanuka.
Valve yo kwagura ubushyuhe: Ikoresha urugero rw'ubushyuhe bukabije rw'umwuka aho usohoka mu cyuma gikonjesha kugira ngo ihindure icyuma gikonjesha. Mu mikorere isanzwe y'icyuma gikonjesha, igitutu cy'umwuka w'ikintu gitanga umusaruro kingana n'igiteranyo cy'umuvuduko wa gazi munsi ya diaphragm n'umuvuduko w'impeshyi, kandi iri mu mimerere yo kuringaniza. Kudatanga icyuma gikonjesha bihagije bituma umwuka ugaruka aho usohoka mu cyuma gikonjesha, urugero rw'ubushyuhe bukabije ruriyongera, ubushyuhe bwa sensor y'ubushyuhe buriyongera, diaphragm imanuka, kandi ifungura ry'aho usohoka riri kwiyongera kugeza igihe ingano y'amazi atangwa ingana n'ingano y'umwuka, hanyuma ubushyuhe bwa sensor y'ubushyuhe bwiyongera. Kubwibyo, valve yo kwagura ubushyuhe ishobora guhindura mu buryo bwikora urugero rw'aho ufungura valve, kandi ingano y'amazi ishobora kwiyongera cyangwa kugabanuka uko umutwaro ugenda, ibi bikaba byatuma agace gashyushya k'icyuma gikonjesha gakoreshwa neza.
Igikoresho cyo gusekura
Imikorere: Iyi firigo ifata ubushyuhe bw'icyuma gikonjesha.
Ishyirwa mu byiciro: Dukurikije imiterere y'uburyo bwo gukonjesha, rigabanyijemo ibyiciro bitatu.
1. Imashini ishyushya amazi yo gukonjesha: nk'imashini ishyushya amazi, imashini ishyushya amazi n'ibindi. Imashini ishyushya amazi ifata ubushyuhe hanze y'imashini, kandi imashini ishyushya amazi izenguruka mu mashini ikoresheje ipompo y'amazi. Igabanyijemo ubwoko bw'imashini igororotse, ubwoko bw'imashini ihagaze, ubwoko bw'imashini izunguruka n'ubwoko bw'imashini izunguruka hakurikijwe imiterere yayo.
2. Imashini ishyushya umwuka ikoreshwa mu gukonjesha: icyuma gikonjesha gihinduka umwuka mu muyoboro, umwuka ugasohoka, kandi urujya n'uruza rw'umwuka ni urw'umwuka karemano
3. Imashini ikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gukonjesha ibikoresho bikonje: Imashini ikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gukonjesha ihinduka umwuka ku ruhande rumwe rw'igice cyo kohereza ubushyuhe, naho urundi ruhande rw'igice rugakora ku kintu gikonje cyangwa gikonjeshejwe.
Ibiranga: ingaruka nziza zo kohereza ubushyuhe, imiterere yoroshye, aho umuntu akandagira, kandi ibikoresho ntibiba byangiritse cyane bitewe n'uko sisitemu yo kuzenguruka ifunze neza.
Imbogamizi: Iyo pompe y'amazi ashyushye ihagaze kubera ikibazo, hashobora kubaho ubukonje, bigatuma agace k'imiyoboro y'amazi gacika.
umuyoboro wo gukonjesha
Umuyoboro wo gukonjesha uhagaze
Ibyiza: Iyo firigo imaze gushyuha, biroroha kuyisohora, kandi ingaruka zo kohereza ubushyuhe ziba nziza, ariko iyo umuyoboro w'imyotsi uri hejuru, ubushyuhe bwo gushyuha bwa firigo yo hasi buba buri hejuru bitewe n'umuvuduko udahinduka w'amazi.
Umuyoboro wo ku rukuta wo mu bwoko bwa coil imwe:
Ibyiza: Ingano y'icyuma gikonjesha cyuzuye ni nto, hafi 50% by'ingano y'umuyoboro usohora umwuka, ariko icyuma gikonjesha ntikizava vuba mu muyoboro nyuma yo gushonga, ibi bigabanya ingaruka zo kwimura ubushyuhe.
Umuyoboro ugoramye:
Ibyiza: ahantu hanini ho gusohora ubushyuhe.
Ibikoresho by'inyongera byo gukoresha ibikoresho byo gukonjesha pisitoni
gutandukanya amavuta
Imikorere: Ikoreshwa mu gutandukanya amavuta yo kwisiga ari mu mazi yakuwemo na gaze kugira ngo hirindwe ko amavuta yo kwisiga yinjira muri kondensateri no kwangiza imiterere y'ubushyuhe.
Ihame ry'imikorere: Binyuze mu bipimo bitandukanye by'ibitonyanga by'amavuta n'umwuka ushyushya, umuvuduko w'amazi ugabanuka binyuze mu kongera umurambararo w'umuyoboro, kandi icyerekezo cy'amazi ashyushya amazi kirahinduka; cyangwa bitewe n'imbaraga za centrifugal, ibitonyanga by'amavuta bihinduka kugeza ku bushyuhe bw'umwuka. Ku mavuta ashyushya mu gihe cy'umwuka, ubushyuhe bw'umwuka bugabanuka binyuze mu gukaraba cyangwa gukonjesha, ku buryo yivanga mu bitonyanga by'amavuta hanyuma agatandukana. Imashini itandukanya amavuta yo mu bwoko bwa filter ishyirwa muri firigo na Freon.
Akamaro k'icyuma gikusanya amavuta: gikusanya icyuma gikonjesha n'amavuta gitandukanye n'icyuma gitandukanya amavuta, condenser n'ibindi bikoresho byo muri sisitemu yo gukonjesha, hanyuma kigatandukanya amavuta n'icyuma gikonjesha givanze n'umuvuduko muke, hanyuma kikayasohora ukwacyo. Kugira ngo amavuta asohoke neza, amavuta agabanya igihombo cya icyuma gikonjesha.
Inshingano y'icyuma gifata amazi ni ugubika no guhindura icyuma gikonjesha gitangwa kuri buri gice cya sisitemu yo gukonjesha kugira ngo gikore neza mu buryo bwizewe ibikoresho bitanga amazi. Iki gikoresho gifata amazi kigabanyijemo umuvuduko mwinshi, umuvuduko muke, umuvuduko wo gusohora amazi n'umuvuduko wo kubika amazi uzenguruka.
Akamaro k'ikinyabutabire gitandukanya gazi n'amazi: gutandukanya icyuma gikonjesha n'icyuma gikonjesha kugira ngo wirinde ko amazi akonjesha yinjira muri compressor no gukubita silinda; gutandukanya umwuka udafite ingufu mu mazi amoniya afite umuvuduko muke nyuma yo gukurura kugira ngo wongere ubushobozi bwo kohereza ubushyuhe bw'icyuma gikonjesha.
Inshingano z'icyuma gitandukanya umwuka: gutandukanya no gusohora umwuka udakonjesha muri sisitemu kugira ngo sisitemu yo gukonjesha ikore neza.
Uruhare rw'icyuma gikonjesha: gishyirwa muri sisitemu yo gukonjesha ifite ibyiciro bibiri (cyangwa byinshi) kugira ngo ikonjeshe gazi ishyushye cyane iva mu gice cyo gukonjesha gifite umuvuduko muto kugira ngo ikonjeshe hagati y'ibice kugira ngo compressor ifite umuvuduko mwinshi ikore neza; Amavuta yo kwisiga n'icyuma gikonjesha bituma icyuma gikonjesha kibona akazi ko gukonjesha cyane.
Ububiko bukonje
Ishyirwa mu byiciro:
Ububiko bunini bw'ibikonjesha (hejuru ya toni 5000); ububiko buciriritse bw'ibikonjesha (toni 1500 ~ 5000); ububiko buto bw'ibikonjesha (munsi ya toni 1500).
Dukurikije ibisabwa mu ikoreshwa:
Kubika mu bukonje buri hejuru: ahanini imbuto, imboga, amagi mashya n'ibindi biribwa bikonjeshwa, ubushyuhe rusange bwo kubika ni 4 ~ -2 ℃;
Kubika mu bukonje buri hasi: ahanini inyama zikonjeshejwe kandi zikonjeshejwe, ibikomoka ku mazi, nibindi, ubushyuhe rusange bwo kubika ni -18 ~ -30 ℃;
Ububiko bufite icyuma gikonjesha: umuceri wo kubika, amakaroni, imiti, divayi, nibindi. mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe busanzwe, ubushyuhe rusange bw'ububiko ni 10 ~ 15 ℃
Ibikoresho bikonjesha vuba: Bikwiriye gukonjesha ibikoresho fatizo bipakiye cyangwa bipakiye nk'uduce, uduce, n'uduce duto two gukora ibiribwa bikonjesha vuba nk'amatungo, ibikomoka ku mazi, imboga, n'amacupa. Ubushyuhe bukonjesha -30 ~ 40 ℃.
Ifuru ikora vuba nk'agasanduku: Hari amasahani menshi yimukanwa afite ibice bifatanye mu gasanduku apfunyitse ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe. Amasahani yo guhumeka ashyirwa mu gice gifatanye, kandi amazi y'umunyu ashobora no gusukwa hagati y'imiyoboro, maze firigo ikanyura mu miyoboro ihumeka; ibikoresho bikonjeshwa vuba bishyirwa hagati y'amasahani, hanyuma amasahani yimurirwa kugira ngo akandagire ibikoresho kugira ngo bikonje.
Imashini ikonjesha vuba yo mu bwoko bwa Tunnel: Igizwe n'umubiri w'utubari, imashini ishyushya amazi, umufana, agakoresho ko gupakira ibikoresho cyangwa imashini itwara ibyuma bidashonga. Ibikoresho bibanza guca mu mukandara wa mesh wo mu cyiciro cya mbere, ugenda vuba, kandi urwego rw'ibikoresho rukaba rworoshye, ku buryo ubuso bukonjesha; umukandara wa mesh wo mu cyiciro cya kabiri, ugenda buhoro kandi ufite urwego rw'ibikoresho runini, ukomeza gukonjesha ibikoresho byose kugira ngo ubone umusaruro wa firigo imwe ikonjesha vuba.
Icyuma gikonjesha: Ibikoresho bikonjeshwa bihuzwa na gaze cyangwa firigo ifite ubushyuhe buke cyane kugira ngo bikoreshwe vuba. Ibiryo binyura mu gace gakonjeshwa mbere yo gukonjeshwa, ahantu hakonjeshwa n'ahantu hakonjeshwa. Azote y'amazi ibikwa hanze y'umuyoboro hanyuma ishyirwa mu gace gakonjeshwa munsi y'igitutu runaka kugira ngo itere cyangwa ikonjeshwe. Azote ikorwa nyuma y'uko azote y'amazi ifata ubushyuhe iba ikiri ku bushyuhe buke cyane, -10 kugeza -5 °C, kandi yoherezwa mu muyoboro n'umufana. Shyira mu bukonje mbere y'igice cyabanje. Mu gace gakonjeshwa, ibiryo bikonjeshwa vuba iyo bihuye na azote y'amazi kuri -200 °C.
Ibikoresho byo gukonjesha bikonjesha
Gukonjesha ikirere bigenzurwa: Guhuza ubukonje n'ububiko bugenzurwa bw'ikirere, kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'ububiko n'imiterere ya gaze, kugira ngo ingano ya ogisijeni na dioxyde de carbone mu bubiko ikoreshwe cyane cyane mu kubika imbuto n'imboga, kandi ingaruka nziza zo kububika ziboneke.
Igihombo cy'ibicuruzwa biri mu bubiko ni gito. Imibare igaragaza ko igihombo cy'ibicuruzwa bibikwa mu bubiko bukonje ari 21.3%, mu gihe igihombo cy'ibicuruzwa bibikwa mu bubiko bukonje gifite icyuma gikonjesha ari 4.8%.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-26-2022
