Iyo uburebure cyangwa ubujyakuzimu bw'ububiko bukonje burenze metero 50, hagomba gushyirwaho ihuriro ryo kwagura. Hariho ububiko bwinshi bunini bwo kwagura. Kubera ko nta ihuriro ryo kwagura hasi mu bubiko bukonje, ubutaka bufite ahantu hanini h'imicanga, bigatuma hasi mu bubiko bukonje hadasanwa neza. Iyo bidasanwe ku gihe, ububiko bukonje buzangirika. Inzitizi y'umwuka iracika, kandi ibikoresho byo kwagura ububiko bukonje biratose, bigabanya imikorere y'ubushyuhe kandi amaherezo bigira ingaruka ku buzima bw'ububiko bukonje. Ibibazo nk'imigozi yo kwagura imiterere y'ibikoresho ntibikwiye gusuzugurwa. Hafashwe imyanzuro ikurikira kuri ibi bibazo:
1. Imiterere y’inyubako zibikwamo ibintu bikonje ishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko butatu: imiyoboro yo kwagura, imiyoboro yo guturamo n’imitingito. Iyo inyubako ibikwamo ibintu bikonje imaze igihe kirekire cyane, bitewe n’impinduka z’ubushyuhe, imiterere y’ububiko bukonje izangirika bitewe no kwaguka no guhindagurika kw’ibikoresho, bigatera icyuho mu rukuta rw’inyuma n’igisenge, bigira ingaruka ku ikoreshwa, cyangwa bigaca uruzitiro rw’umwuka kugira ngo bikore ubushyuhe. Ibikoresho birangirika bitewe n’ubushuhe, bigagabanya ubushobozi bwabyo bwo kwagura ubushyuhe. Kubwibyo, hakurikijwe imiterere y’inyubako n’ibikoresho bitandukanye, imiyoboro yo kwagura igomba gushyirwa mu ntera runaka, nko gushyira hamwe kuri metero 55 ku nyubako y’inkingi, gushyira hamwe kuri metero 75 ku nyubako y’inkingi yakozwe mbere, n’igice kimwe cyo kwagura iyo uburebure n’ubujyakuzimu bw’ububiko bukonje birenga metero 50.
⒈ Ihuriro ry'abaturage
Iyo itandukaniro ry'uburebure hagati y'inyubako zegeranye ari rinini, cyangwa bitewe n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'inyubako, umutwaro uba utandukanye cyane, kandi imiterere y'ishingiro ikaba itandukanye cyane, kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw'inyubako bitewe no kugabanuka kungana, ni ngombwa gushyiraho aho guhurira. Ku bijyanye n'ubukonje bw'ububiko bukonje, aho guhurira hagomba gushyirwa mu bice bikurikira.
(1) Aho ububiko bukonje buhurira n'icyumba cy'igorofa, hari itandukaniro rinini mu mutwaro.
(2) Aho ubwoko butandukanye bw'imiterere (cyangwa urufatiro) buhurira
(3) Aho ubwiza bw'ubutaka bw'ifatizo butandukaniye cyane
(4) Aho inyubako y’ububiko bw’amagorofa menshi ihurira ifite itandukaniro rinini ry’uburebure n’inyubako y’igorofa imwe (icyumba cyo gukonjesha, ububiko bw’urubura, icyumba cya mudasobwa, nibindi).
Uburyo bwo gukata inkuta hagati y’inzu muri rusange ni ugukata kuva ku gisenge kugeza ku rufatiro. Ubugari bwayo bugomba guhabwa agaciro hakurikijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho by’igihugu bihari ubu, muri rusange 20mm ~ 30mm, kandi muri rusange ntibyuzuze ibikoresho biri mu nkuta. Niba inkuta hagati y’inzu ijyanye n’inkuta hagati y’inzu, ishobora no gukoreshwa nk’inkuta hagati y’inzu.
⒉Urusobe rw'imitingito
Mu gace gahindagurika ubutaka, bitewe n’imiterere itandukanye n’ubukana bw’ububiko bw’ibanze bukonje n’inyubako z’inyongera, imikorere yabyo mu mihindagurikire y’isi iratandukanye, bityo ububiko bukonje n’icyumba cy’inyubako y’inyuma ntibigomba guhuzwa n’umusaruro cyangwa icyumba cyo kubamo cy’inyubako ivanze. Imiterere y’imihindagurikire iratandukanye. Ubugari bw’imirongo irwanya imihindagurikire ntibugomba kuba munsi ya mm 50 mu bihe ibyo ari byo byose, kandi imirongo igomba gusigara irimo ubusa. Iyo uburebure bw’inyubako burenze metero 10, ubugari bw’imirongo buziyongeraho mm 20 kuri buri metero 5 ziyongereyeho.
2. Mu gutunganya ubushyuhe bw'ubutaka bukonje, ubushyuhe bw'ubutaka bukonje bukoreshwa mu gutunganya ubushyuhe cyangwa pulasitiki isohoka bushobora gukoreshwa muri rusange, ariko ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo bw'ubutaka ni buke, kandi bukwiriye gusa ububiko buto bukonje. Ubutaka bwo kubika amazi bushobora gukoresha beto ingana + sbs, urwego rudapfa amazi + pulasitiki isohoka + beto ishyirwamo imbaraga + umuti uvura (emery), ubu buryo bufite umutwaro mwiza kandi bukundwa n'abakoresha benshi. Uburyo bwo kubika amazi bukoreshwa muri rusange hakurikijwe ikoreshwa ry'umukoresha n'ibyo akeneye, kugira ngo bigabanye ishoramari ritari ngombwa ry'umukoresha.
Ubwugarizi bwo hasi ku bubiko buto, buciriritse n'ubunini bukonjesha:
Ubwishingizi bw'ubutaka mu bubiko buto bukonjesha
Imiterere y'ububiko buto bukonjesha ubusanzwe yitwa hexahedron, ni ukuvuga ko hejuru, inkuta n'ubutaka byose bikozwe mu cyuma gifite ibara ry'amabara/icyuma kidashonga gifite ubugari bukwiye bw'ibikoresho byo gukingira nka polyurethane, kuko gupakira no gupakurura ububiko buto bukonjesha akenshi biba ari ugukoresha intoki aho gukoresha forklifts. Birumvikana ko niba uburebure bw'ububiko ari burebure kandi forklifts zigomba gupakururwa no gupakururwa, ntibyemewe gukoresha insulation boards mu gukingira ibidukikije, ariko ubutaka bugomba gukingira ibidukikije ukwabwo nk'uburyo bwo gukingira ibidukikije mu kubika ububiko bukonjesha buciriritse.
Ubwugarizi bwo hasi mu bubiko buciriritse bukonjesha
Imiterere y'ububiko bw'ububiko buciriritse bukonje niyo dukunze kwita pentahedron, ni ukuvuga ko ubuso bwo hejuru n'urukuta bikozwe mu cyuma gifite ibara ry'amabara/icyuma kidashonga gifite ubugari bukwiye bw'ibikoresho byo gukingira nka polyurethane, kandi ubutaka bugomba gutwikirwa ukwabwo. Kuri ubu, uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora ku isoko ni: gukoresha ikibaho cya XPS gitwikiriwe mu gushyiraho ubutaka, gushyira ibikoresho bya SPS bidashobora guhumeka n'umwuka hejuru no hepfo y'ikibaho gitwikiriwe, hanyuma ugasuka sima cyangwa sima ikomeye.
Ubwugarizi bwo hasi mu bubiko bunini bukonjesha
Dushobora gutekereza ko uburyo bwo gukingira ubutaka mu bubiko buciriritse bukonjesha bugoye cyane kurusha ubwo mu bubiko buto bukonjesha, kandi uburyo bwo gukingira ubutaka mu bubiko bunini bukonjesha bufite ahantu hanini ho kubika ibintu bugoye cyane. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora ni ubu: kubanza gushyiraho imiyoboro y'umwuka kugira ngo wirinde ko ingoma ikonjesha icika, hanyuma gushyiraho imbaho za XPS (gushyiraho ibintu bihindagurika birakenewe mugihe ushyiraho imbaho za XPS), hanyuma gushyiraho urwego rw'imyotsi rudahinduka ku mpande zo hejuru no hepfo z'imbaho zakuwemo, hanyuma ugasuka ibyuma bya sima (muri rusange byibuze ubugari bwa cm 15), hanyuma ugashyira hasi cyangwa hasi hakozwe emery hakurikijwe ibisabwa. Muri byo, imbaho za XPS zigomba gushyirwaho nazo zishyirwaho ubugari bukwiye hakurikijwe ubushyuhe bwo kubika. Urugero, ahantu hakonjesha hagomba gushyirwaho imbaho ya XPS ifite ubugari bwa mm 150-200, mu gihe ahantu hakonjesha hashobora gushyirwaho imbaho ya pulasitiki ya XPS ifite ubugari bwa mm 100-150.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama 10-2022
