Sisitemu yo gukonjesha ikoresha firigo nkamazi akora, kandi firigo muri rusange zifite uburyo bubiri: amazi na gaze. Uyu munsi tuzavuga kubumenyi bujyanye na firigo zamazi.
1. Firigo ni amazi cyangwa gaze?
Firigo irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro 3: firigo imwe ya firigo, firigo ivanze itari azeotropique, hamwe na firigo ivanze na azeotropique.
Ibigize firigo imwe ikora ntabwo bizahinduka niba ari gaze cyangwa amazi, bityo leta ya gaze irashobora kwishyurwa mugihe yishyuye firigo.
Nubwo ibigize firigo ya azeotropique itandukanye, kubera ko aho gutekera ari kimwe, ibigize gaze n’amazi nabyo ni bimwe, bityo gaze irashobora kwishyurwa;
Bitewe nuburyo butandukanye bwo gutekesha firigo zitari azeotropique, firigo zamazi na firigo ya gaze mubyukuri bitandukanye mubigize. Niba firigo ya gaze yongewemo muriki gihe, ibice bya firigo byongeweho bizaba bitandukanye. Kurugero, hongeweho gusa firigo ya gaze ya gaze. Firigo, kubwibyo byonyine birashobora kongerwamo.
Nukuvuga ko firigo zitari azeotropique zigomba kongerwamo amazi, na firigo zitari azeotropique zose zitangirana na R4. Ubu bwoko bwamazi bwongeyeho. Firigo zisanzwe zitari azeotropique ni: R40, R401A, R403B, R404A, R406A, R407A, R407B, R407C, R408A, R409A, R410A, R41A.
Naho izindi firigo zisanzwe, nka: R134a, R22, R23, R290, R32, R500, R600a, ibigize firigo ntibizagerwaho no kongeramo gaze cyangwa amazi, bityo biroroshye.
Iyo wongeyeho firigo, tugomba kwitondera ibi bikurikira:
(1) Itegereze ibituba mu kirahure cyo kureba;
(2) Gupima umuvuduko mwinshi kandi muto;
(3) Gupima icyerekezo cya compressor;
(4) Gupima inshinge.
Byongeye kandi, twakagombye kwibutsa no gushimangira ko:
Firigo zitari azeotropique zigomba kongerwaho mumazi. Kurugero, firigo ya R410A, ibiyigize nibi bikurikira:
R32 (difluoromethane): 50%;
R125 (pentafluoroethane): 50%;
Kuberako ingingo zitetse za R32 na R125 ziratandukanye, mugihe silinderi ya firigo ya R410A isigaye ihagaze, aho gutekesha R32 na R125 biratandukanye, byanze bikunze bizana firigo ya gaze ya gaze mu gice cyo hejuru cya silindiri ya firigo, hamwe na ibihimbano ntabwo 50% R32 + 50% R125, kubera ko aho batetse R32 ari muke, birashoboka cyane ko igice cyo hejuru cya firigo ni igice cya R32.
Kubwibyo, niba hiyongereyeho firigo ya gaze, firigo yongeweho ntabwo ari R410A, ahubwo ni R32.
Icya kabiri, ibibazo bisanzwe bya firigo
1. Kwimuka kwa firigo
Kwimuka kwa firigo bivuga kwirundanya kwa firigo mumazi ya compressor iyo compressor ifunze. Igihe cyose ubushyuhe buri imbere muri compressor bukonje kurenza ubushyuhe buri imbere ya moteri, itandukaniro ryumuvuduko uri hagati ya compressor na moteri izatwara firigo ahantu hakonje. Ibi bintu birashoboka cyane ko bibaho mugihe cyubukonje. Nyamara, kubijyanye nubushyuhe hamwe na pompe yubushyuhe, mugihe igice cyegeranye kiri kure ya compressor, kwimuka bishobora kubaho nubwo ubushyuhe buri hejuru.
Sisitemu imaze gufungwa, niba idafunguwe mu masaha make, kabone niyo haba nta tandukaniro ryumuvuduko, ibintu byimuka bishobora kubaho bitewe no gukurura firigo mu gikarito kuri firigo.
Niba firigo irenze iyimuka yimukiye muri crankcase ya compressor, ibintu bikomeye byamazi ya slam bizabaho mugihe compressor itangiye, bikaviramo kunanirwa kwa compressor zitandukanye, nko kumeneka kw'isahani ya valve, kwangirika kwa piston, kwihanganira kunanirwa no gutwara isuri (Firigo irashiramo amavuta ava mubitereko).
2. Firigo y'amazi yuzuye
Iyo kwaguka kwagutse byananiranye, cyangwa umuyaga uhumeka bikananirana cyangwa ugahagarikwa nayunguruzo rwumuyaga, firigo yamazi izarengerwa mumashanyarazi hanyuma ikinjira muri compressor ikoresheje umuyoboro wogosha muburyo bwamazi aho kuba imyuka. Iyo igice kirimo gukora, kubera amazi menshi yatembye agabanya amavuta ya firigo, ibice byimuka bya compressor birambarwa, kandi umuvuduko wamavuta ukagabanuka, bigatuma igikoresho cyumutekano wamavuta gikora, bityo bigatuma igikarito kibura amavuta. Muri iki gihe, niba imashini ifunze, ibintu byo kwimuka kwa firigo bizaba byihuse, bikaviramo inyundo y'amazi kuri restart.
3. Imyigaragambyo y'amazi
Iyo inyundo y'amazi ibaye, ijwi risakuza ibyuma biva imbere muri compressor birashobora kumvikana, kandi birashobora guherekezwa no kunyeganyega gukabije kwa compressor. Isukari ya Liquid irashobora gutera valve kumeneka, compressor yumutwe wangiritse, guhuza inkoni kumeneka, kumenagura crankshaft, no kwangiza ubundi bwoko bwa compressor. Inyundo y'amazi ibaho mugihe firigo ya firigo yimukiye mukibanza hanyuma igatangira. Mubice bimwe, bitewe nuburyo bwo kuvoma cyangwa aho ibice bigizwe, firigo yamazi izegeranya mumiyoboro ya suka cyangwa moteri mugihe cyo guhagarika igice hanyuma ikinjira muri compressor nkamazi meza kandi kumuvuduko mwinshi cyane mugihe igice gifunguye. . Umuvuduko nubusembure bwamazi ya slam birahagije kugirango utsinde icyaricyo cyose cyubatswe muri compressor ikingira amazi.
4. Igikorwa cyigikoresho cyo kugenzura umutekano wa hydraulic
Mubice byubushyuhe buke, nyuma yigihe cya defrost, ibikoresho bigenzura umutekano wamavuta akenshi biterwa no gukora bitewe na firigo yuzuye. Sisitemu nyinshi zagenewe kwemerera firigo guhurira mumashanyarazi no kumurongo mugihe cyo gukonja, hanyuma ikinjira mumashanyarazi ya compressor mugitangira bigatuma igabanuka ryumuvuduko wamavuta, bigatuma igikoresho cyumutekano wamavuta gikora.
Rimwe na rimwe, igikorwa kimwe cyangwa bibiri byigikoresho cyo kugenzura ingufu za peteroli ntigishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kuri compressor, ariko bigasubirwamo inshuro nyinshi nta mavuta meza yo kwisiga bizatera compressor kunanirwa. Igikoresho cyo kugenzura umuvuduko wamavuta gikunze gufatwa nkikosa rito nuwabikoresheje, ariko ni umuburo ko compressor imaze iminota irenga ibiri ikora idafite amavuta, kandi ingamba zo gukosora zigomba gushyirwa mubikorwa mugihe.
3. Ibisubizo by'ikibazo cya firigo ya firigo
Byakozwe neza, compressor ikora neza yo gukonjesha, guhumeka, hamwe na pompe yubushyuhe ni pompe yumuyaga ishobora gutwara gusa umubare munini wamavuta ya firigo na firigo. Kugirango ushushanye compressor ishobora gukoresha firigo nyinshi zamavuta hamwe namavuta yo gukonjesha, hagomba gutekerezwa guhuza ubunini, uburemere, ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha, gukora neza, urusaku nigiciro. Usibye ibintu byashushanyijemo, ingano ya firigo ya compressor ishobora gukora irashizweho, kandi ubushobozi bwayo bwo kuyitwara biterwa nibintu bikurikira: ingano ya crankcase, amavuta ya firigo, ubwoko bwa sisitemu nubugenzuzi, nibikorwa bisanzwe.
Iyo amafaranga ya firigo yiyongereye, bizongera ibyago bishobora kuba compressor. Impamvu zibyangiritse zishobora guterwa ningingo zikurikira:
(1) Amafaranga ya firigo ikabije.
(2) Impemu zirakonja.
(3) Akayunguruzo kayunguruzo karanduye kandi karahagaritswe.
(4) Umuyaga uhumeka cyangwa moteri yabafana birananirana.
(5) Guhitamo capillary nabi.
(6) Guhitamo cyangwa guhindura valve yo kwagura ntabwo aribyo.
(7) Kwimuka kwa firigo.
1. Kwimuka kwa firigo
Kwimuka kwa firigo bivuga kwirundanya kwa firigo mumazi ya compressor iyo compressor ifunze. Igihe cyose ubushyuhe buri imbere muri compressor bukonje kurenza ubushyuhe buri imbere ya moteri, itandukaniro ryumuvuduko uri hagati ya compressor na moteri izatwara firigo ahantu hakonje. Ibi bintu birashoboka cyane ko bibaho mugihe cyubukonje. Nyamara, kubijyanye nubushyuhe hamwe na pompe yubushyuhe, mugihe igice cyegeranye kiri kure ya compressor, kwimuka bishobora kubaho nubwo ubushyuhe buri hejuru.
Sisitemu imaze gufungwa, niba idafunguwe mu masaha make, kabone niyo haba nta tandukaniro ryumuvuduko, ibintu byimuka bishobora kubaho bitewe no gukurura firigo mu gikarito kuri firigo.
Niba firigo irenze iyimuka yimukiye muri crankcase ya compressor, ibintu bikomeye byamazi ya slam bizabaho mugihe compressor itangiye, bikaviramo kunanirwa kwa compressor zitandukanye, nko kumeneka kw'isahani ya valve, kwangirika kwa piston, kwihanganira kunanirwa no gutwara isuri (Firigo irashiramo amavuta ava mubitereko).
2. Firigo y'amazi yuzuye
Iyo kwaguka kwagutse byananiranye, cyangwa umuyaga uhumeka bikananirana cyangwa ugahagarikwa nayunguruzo rwumuyaga, firigo yamazi izarengerwa mumashanyarazi hanyuma ikinjira muri compressor ikoresheje umuyoboro wogosha muburyo bwamazi aho kuba imyuka. Iyo igice kirimo gukora, kubera amazi menshi yatembye agabanya amavuta ya firigo, ibice byimuka bya compressor birambarwa, kandi umuvuduko wamavuta ukagabanuka, bigatuma igikoresho cyumutekano wamavuta gikora, bityo bigatuma igikarito kibura amavuta. Muri iki gihe, niba imashini ifunze, ibintu byo kwimuka kwa firigo bizaba byihuse, bikaviramo inyundo y'amazi kuri restart.
3. Imyigaragambyo y'amazi
Iyo inyundo y'amazi ibaye, ijwi risakuza ibyuma biva imbere muri compressor birashobora kumvikana, kandi birashobora guherekezwa no kunyeganyega gukabije kwa compressor. Isukari ya Liquid irashobora gutera valve kumeneka, compressor yumutwe wangiritse, guhuza inkoni kumeneka, kumenagura crankshaft, no kwangiza ubundi bwoko bwa compressor. Inyundo y'amazi ibaho mugihe firigo ya firigo yimukiye mukibanza hanyuma igatangira. Mubice bimwe, bitewe nuburyo bwo kuvoma cyangwa aho ibice bigizwe, firigo yamazi izegeranya mumiyoboro ya suka cyangwa moteri mugihe cyo guhagarika igice hanyuma ikinjira muri compressor nkamazi meza kandi kumuvuduko mwinshi cyane mugihe igice gifunguye. . Umuvuduko nubusembure bwamazi ya slam birahagije kugirango utsinde icyaricyo cyose cyubatswe muri compressor ikingira amazi.
4. Igikorwa cyigikoresho cyo kugenzura umutekano wa hydraulic
Mubice byubushyuhe buke, nyuma yigihe cya defrost, ibikoresho bigenzura umutekano wamavuta akenshi biterwa no gukora bitewe na firigo yuzuye. Sisitemu nyinshi zagenewe kwemerera firigo guhurira mumashanyarazi no kumurongo mugihe cyo gukonja, hanyuma ikinjira mumashanyarazi ya compressor mugitangira bigatuma igabanuka ryumuvuduko wamavuta, bigatuma igikoresho cyumutekano wamavuta gikora.
Rimwe na rimwe, igikorwa kimwe cyangwa bibiri byigikoresho cyo kugenzura ingufu za peteroli ntigishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kuri compressor, ariko bigasubirwamo inshuro nyinshi nta mavuta meza yo kwisiga bizatera compressor kunanirwa. Igikoresho cyo kugenzura umuvuduko wamavuta gikunze gufatwa nkikosa rito nuwabikoresheje, ariko ni umuburo ko compressor imaze iminota irenga ibiri ikora idafite amavuta, kandi ingamba zo gukosora zigomba gushyirwa mubikorwa mugihe.
3. Ibisubizo by'ikibazo cya firigo ya firigo
Byakozwe neza, compressor ikora neza yo gukonjesha, guhumeka, hamwe na pompe yubushyuhe ni pompe yumuyaga ishobora gutwara gusa umubare munini wamavuta ya firigo na firigo. Kugirango ushushanye compressor ishobora gukoresha firigo nyinshi zamavuta hamwe namavuta yo gukonjesha, hagomba gutekerezwa guhuza ubunini, uburemere, ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha, gukora neza, urusaku nigiciro. Usibye ibintu byashushanyijemo, ingano ya firigo ya compressor ishobora gukora irashizweho, kandi ubushobozi bwayo bwo kuyitwara biterwa nibintu bikurikira: ingano ya crankcase, amavuta ya firigo, ubwoko bwa sisitemu nubugenzuzi, nibikorwa bisanzwe.
Iyo amafaranga ya firigo yiyongereye, bizongera ibyago bishobora kuba compressor. Impamvu zibyangiritse zishobora guterwa ningingo zikurikira:
(1) Amafaranga ya firigo ikabije.
(2) Impemu zirakonja.
(3) Akayunguruzo kayunguruzo karanduye kandi karahagaritswe.
(4) Umuyaga uhumeka cyangwa moteri yabafana birananirana.
(5) Guhitamo capillary nabi.
(6) Guhitamo cyangwa guhindura valve yo kwagura ntabwo aribyo.
(7) Kwimuka kwa firigo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-31-2022
