Uburyo bwo gukonjesha bukoresha ibyuma bikonjesha nk'amazi akora, kandi ibyuma bikonjesha muri rusange bifite imiterere ibiri: amazi n'umwuka. Uyu munsi turaganira ku bumenyi bukenewe ku bikoresho bikonjesha by'amazi.
1. Ese ni amazi yo muri firigo cyangwa ni gaze?
Ibikoresho bikonjesha bishobora kugabanywamo ibice bitatu: ibikoresho bikonjesha bimwe, ibikoresho bikonjesha bitari ibyo mu bwoko bwa azeotropic, n'ibikoresho bikonjesha bya azeotropic.
Imiterere y'ikintu kimwe gikora muri firigo ntabwo izahinduka yaba ari umwuka cyangwa amazi, bityo imiterere y'umwuka ishobora kwishyuzwa iyo firigo ishyuzwa.
Nubwo imiterere ya azeotropic refrigerant itandukanye, kubera ko aho kubira ari kimwe, imiterere ya gaze n'amazi nabyo ni bimwe, bityo gaze ishobora gushyushwa;
Bitewe n'aho ibirungo bitandukanye byo kubira by'ibikoresho bidakoresha umwuka, ibikoresho bikonjesha by'amazi n'ibikoresho bikonjesha by'umwuka mu by'ukuri bitandukanye mu miterere yabyo. Iyo ibikoresho bikonjesha by'umwuka byongewemo muri iki gihe, imiterere y'ibikoresho bikonjesha izaba itandukanye. Urugero, hongewemo ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bikonjesha by'umwuka gusa. Ibikoresho bikonjesha, bityo ni amazi gusa ashobora kongerwamo.
Ni ukuvuga ko refrigerants zitarimo azeotropic zigomba kongerwaho amazi, naho refrigerants zitarimo azeotropic zose zitangirira kuri R4. Ubwo bwoko bw'amazi bwongerwaho. Refrigerants zisanzwe zitarimo azeotropic ni: R40, R401A, R403B, R404A, R406A , R407A, R407B, R407C, R408A, R409A, R410A, R41A.
Ku bindi bikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa muri firigo, nka: R134a, R22, R23, R290, R32, R500, R600a, imiterere ya firigo ntabwo izahinduka iyo wongeyemo gazi cyangwa amazi, bityo bikaba byoroshye.
Mu kongeramo refrigerant, tugomba kwita kuri ibi bikurikira:
(1) Reba uduheri mu kirahuri cy'amaso;
(2) Pima umuvuduko mwinshi n'uwo hasi;
(3) Pima umuvuduko wa compressor;
(4) Pima igipimo cy'inshinge.
Byongeye kandi, bikwiye kwitabwaho no gushimangirwa ko:
Ibikoresho bikonjesha bitari ibya azeotropic bigomba kongerwamo mu buryo bw'amazi. Urugero, ibikoresho bikonjesha bya R410A, imiterere yabyo ni iyi ikurikira:
R32 (difluoromethane): 50%;
R125 (pentafluoroethane): 50%;
Kubera ko aho amazi abira ya R32 na R125 atandukanye, iyo silindiri ya R410A isigaye ihagaze, aho amazi abira ya R32 na R125 aratandukanye, ibyo bikaba byazatuma habaho firigo ishyushye mu gice cyo hejuru cya silindiri ya firigo, kandi imiterere yayo ntabwo ari 50% R32+ 50% R125, kubera ko aho amazi abira ya R32 ari make, birashoboka cyane ko igice cyo hejuru cya firigo ari igice cya R32.
Bityo rero, iyo hongewemo icyuma gikonjesha gifite imyuka, icyuma gikonjesha cyongewemo si R410A, ahubwo ni R32.
Icya kabiri, ibibazo bikunze kugaragara ku bikoresho bikonjesha
1. Kwimuka kw'ibicuruzwa bikonjesha mu mazi
Kwimuka kw'ibikonjesha bivuga kwirundanya kw'ibikonjesha by'amazi mu gikoresho cya compressor iyo compressor ifunze. Igihe cyose ubushyuhe buri imbere muri compressor bukonje kurusha ubushyuhe buri imbere muri evaporator, itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko hagati ya compressor na evaporator rizatuma firigo ijya ahantu hakonje. Iki kintu gikunze kubaho mu gihe cy'ubukonje. Ariko, kuri conditioners na pumps zishyushya, iyo icyuma gikonjesha kiri kure ya compressor, kwimuka gushobora kubaho nubwo ubushyuhe bwaba buri hejuru.
Iyo sisitemu imaze gufungwa, iyo idafunguye mu masaha make, nubwo nta tandukaniro ry'umuvuduko rihari, ikintu gishobora kwimuka bitewe n'uko icyuma gikonjesha kiri mu gikoresho gikurura icyuma gikonjesha.
Iyo icyuma gikonjesha amazi menshi cyimukiye mu gasanduku k’icyuma gikonjesha, hazavuka ikintu gikomeye cyo gukonjesha amazi iyo icyuma gikonjesha gitangiye, bigatuma compressor inanirwa gukora ibintu bitandukanye, nko gucika kw’icyuma gikonjesha, kwangirika kwa piston, kwangirika kw’icyuma gikonjesha n’isoko ry’icyuma gikonjesha (Iki gikonjesha gikura amavuta mu mapine).
2. Ifu y'amazi yo gukonjesha irenze urugero
Iyo valve yo kwagura inaniwe, cyangwa umufana wa evaporator unaniwe cyangwa ugafungwa n'akayunguruzo k'umwuka, firigo y'amazi irarenga ijya muri evaporator inyuze mu muyoboro ukurura mu buryo bw'amazi aho kuba umwuka. Iyo igikoresho kirimo gukora, bitewe n'amazi menshi agabanya amavuta yo gukonjesha, ibice bigenda bya compressor birashaje, kandi umuvuduko w'amavuta uragabanuka, bigatuma igikoresho gikingira umuvuduko w'amavuta gikora, bityo bigatuma crankcase itakaza amavuta. Muri iki gihe, iyo mashini izimye, ibintu byo kwimuka kwa refrigerant bibaho vuba, bigatuma hatangira kongera gukoreshwa inyundo y'amazi.
3. Gutera amazi mu mazi
Iyo hammer y'amazi ibaye, ijwi ry'icyuma rituruka imbere muri compressor rishobora kumvikana, kandi rishobora no guherekezwa n'ingufu zikomeye za compressor. Kuzimya amazi bishobora gutuma valve iturika, kwangirika kwa gasket y'umutwe wa compressor, kuvunika kw'inkoni ihuza, kuvunika kwa crankshaft, no kwangirika kw'ubundi bwoko bwa compressor. Hammer y'amazi ibaho iyo firigo y'amazi yimukiye muri crankcase ikongera gutangira. Muri bimwe, bitewe n'imiterere y'imiyoboro cyangwa aho ibice biherereye, firigo y'amazi irundanya mu muyoboro w'amazi cyangwa evaporator mu gihe cyo kuzimya icyuma ikajya muri compressor nk'amazi meza kandi ku muvuduko mwinshi cyane iyo icyuma gifunguye. Umuvuduko n'uburemere bwa slam y'amazi birahagije kugira ngo binanire uburinzi ubwo aribwo bwose bwa compressor bwubatswemo ku kuzimya amazi.
4. Imikorere y'igikoresho cyo kugenzura umutekano wa hydraulic
Mu gice cy'ubushyuhe buke, nyuma y'igihe cyo gushonga, igikoresho cyo kugenzura umutekano w'umuvuduko w'amavuta gikunze gukora bitewe n'uko icyuma gikonjesha cyuzuye. Sisitemu nyinshi zagenewe gutuma icyuma gikonjesha cyinjira mu muyoboro w'amazi n'umuyoboro w'amazi mu gihe cyo gushonga, hanyuma kikajya mu cyuma gikonjesha cya compressor mu gihe cyo gutangira bigatuma umuvuduko w'amavuta ugabanuka, bigatuma igikoresho gikonjesha umuvuduko w'amavuta gitangira gukora.
Rimwe na rimwe igikorwa kimwe cyangwa bibiri by'igikoresho cyo kugenzura umutekano w'umuvuduko w'amavuta ntibigira ingaruka zikomeye kuri compressor, ariko gusubiramo inshuro nyinshi nta buryo bwiza bwo gusiga amavuta bituma compressor inanirwa. Igikoresho cyo kugenzura umutekano w'umuvuduko w'amavuta gikunze gufatwa nk'ikosa rito n'umukoresha, ariko ni umuburo ko compressor imaze iminota irenga ibiri ikora nta gusiga amavuta, kandi ingamba zo kubikosora zigomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa mu gihe.
3. Ibisubizo ku kibazo cy'ibikoresho bikonjesha
Kompressor yakozwe neza kandi ikora neza mu gukonjesha, gukonjesha, no gushyushya ni pompe y'umwuka ishobora gusa gukora ingano runaka y'amavuta yo gukonjesha n'ayo gukonjesha. Kugira ngo hakorwe kompressor ishobora gukora ibyuma byinshi byo gukonjesha n'amavuta yo gukonjesha, hagomba kwitabwaho ingano, uburemere, ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha, imikorere myiza, urusaku n'igiciro. Uretse imiterere, ingano y'ibikoresho byo gukonjesha by'amazi kompressor ishobora gukoraho irahoraho, kandi ubushobozi bwo kuyikoresha bushingira ku bintu bikurikira: ingano y'imashini, ubwinshi bw'amavuta yo gukonjesha, ubwoko bw'uburyo n'uburyo bwo kuyigenzura, hamwe n'imiterere isanzwe y'imikorere.
Iyo umuriro wo muri firigo wiyongereye, bizongera ibyago bishobora guterwa na kompreseri. Impamvu zangiritse muri rusange zishobora guterwa n'ingingo zikurikira:
(1) Ishyushya ryinshi rikoreshwa muri firigo.
(2) Imashini ishyushya ibintu irakonja.
(3) Akayunguruzo k'ingufu kanduye kandi karafunze.
(4) Umufana cyangwa moteri y'umufana irapfa.
(5) Guhitamo nabi imiyoboro y'amaraso mu mitsi.
(6) Guhitamo cyangwa guhindura valve yo kwagura ntabwo ari byo.
(7) Kwimuka kw'ibikoresho bikonjesha.
1. Kwimuka kw'ibicuruzwa bikonjesha mu mazi
Kwimuka kw'ibikonjesha bivuga kwirundanya kw'ibikonjesha by'amazi mu gikoresho cya compressor iyo compressor ifunze. Igihe cyose ubushyuhe buri imbere muri compressor bukonje kurusha ubushyuhe buri imbere muri evaporator, itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko hagati ya compressor na evaporator rizatuma firigo ijya ahantu hakonje. Iki kintu gikunze kubaho mu gihe cy'ubukonje. Ariko, kuri conditioners na pumps zishyushya, iyo icyuma gikonjesha kiri kure ya compressor, kwimuka gushobora kubaho nubwo ubushyuhe bwaba buri hejuru.
Iyo sisitemu imaze gufungwa, iyo idafunguye mu masaha make, nubwo nta tandukaniro ry'umuvuduko rihari, ikintu gishobora kwimuka bitewe n'uko icyuma gikonjesha kiri mu gikoresho gikurura icyuma gikonjesha.
Iyo icyuma gikonjesha amazi menshi cyimukiye mu gasanduku k’icyuma gikonjesha, hazavuka ikintu gikomeye cyo gukonjesha amazi iyo icyuma gikonjesha gitangiye, bigatuma compressor inanirwa gukora ibintu bitandukanye, nko gucika kw’icyuma gikonjesha, kwangirika kwa piston, kwangirika kw’icyuma gikonjesha n’isoko ry’icyuma gikonjesha (Iki gikonjesha gikura amavuta mu mapine).
2. Ifu y'amazi yo gukonjesha irenze urugero
Iyo valve yo kwagura inaniwe, cyangwa umufana wa evaporator unaniwe cyangwa ugafungwa n'akayunguruzo k'umwuka, firigo y'amazi irarenga ijya muri evaporator inyuze mu muyoboro ukurura mu buryo bw'amazi aho kuba umwuka. Iyo igikoresho kirimo gukora, bitewe n'amazi menshi agabanya amavuta yo gukonjesha, ibice bigenda bya compressor birashaje, kandi umuvuduko w'amavuta uragabanuka, bigatuma igikoresho gikingira umuvuduko w'amavuta gikora, bityo bigatuma crankcase itakaza amavuta. Muri iki gihe, iyo mashini izimye, ibintu byo kwimuka kwa refrigerant bibaho vuba, bigatuma hatangira kongera gukoreshwa inyundo y'amazi.
3. Gutera amazi mu mazi
Iyo hammer y'amazi ibaye, ijwi ry'icyuma rituruka imbere muri compressor rishobora kumvikana, kandi rishobora no guherekezwa n'ingufu zikomeye za compressor. Kuzimya amazi bishobora gutuma valve iturika, kwangirika kwa gasket y'umutwe wa compressor, kuvunika kw'inkoni ihuza, kuvunika kwa crankshaft, no kwangirika kw'ubundi bwoko bwa compressor. Hammer y'amazi ibaho iyo firigo y'amazi yimukiye muri crankcase ikongera gutangira. Muri bimwe, bitewe n'imiterere y'imiyoboro cyangwa aho ibice biherereye, firigo y'amazi irundanya mu muyoboro w'amazi cyangwa evaporator mu gihe cyo kuzimya icyuma ikajya muri compressor nk'amazi meza kandi ku muvuduko mwinshi cyane iyo icyuma gifunguye. Umuvuduko n'uburemere bwa slam y'amazi birahagije kugira ngo binanire uburinzi ubwo aribwo bwose bwa compressor bwubatswemo ku kuzimya amazi.
4. Imikorere y'igikoresho cyo kugenzura umutekano wa hydraulic
Mu gice cy'ubushyuhe buke, nyuma y'igihe cyo gushonga, igikoresho cyo kugenzura umutekano w'umuvuduko w'amavuta gikunze gukora bitewe n'uko icyuma gikonjesha cyuzuye. Sisitemu nyinshi zagenewe gutuma icyuma gikonjesha cyinjira mu muyoboro w'amazi n'umuyoboro w'amazi mu gihe cyo gushonga, hanyuma kikajya mu cyuma gikonjesha cya compressor mu gihe cyo gutangira bigatuma umuvuduko w'amavuta ugabanuka, bigatuma igikoresho gikonjesha umuvuduko w'amavuta gitangira gukora.
Rimwe na rimwe igikorwa kimwe cyangwa bibiri by'igikoresho cyo kugenzura umutekano w'umuvuduko w'amavuta ntibigira ingaruka zikomeye kuri compressor, ariko gusubiramo inshuro nyinshi nta buryo bwiza bwo gusiga amavuta bituma compressor inanirwa. Igikoresho cyo kugenzura umutekano w'umuvuduko w'amavuta gikunze gufatwa nk'ikosa rito n'umukoresha, ariko ni umuburo ko compressor imaze iminota irenga ibiri ikora nta gusiga amavuta, kandi ingamba zo kubikosora zigomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa mu gihe.
3. Ibisubizo ku kibazo cy'ibikoresho bikonjesha
Kompressor yakozwe neza kandi ikora neza mu gukonjesha, gukonjesha, no gushyushya ni pompe y'umwuka ishobora gusa gukora ingano runaka y'amavuta yo gukonjesha n'ayo gukonjesha. Kugira ngo hakorwe kompressor ishobora gukora ibyuma byinshi byo gukonjesha n'amavuta yo gukonjesha, hagomba kwitabwaho ingano, uburemere, ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha, imikorere myiza, urusaku n'igiciro. Uretse imiterere, ingano y'ibikoresho byo gukonjesha by'amazi kompressor ishobora gukoraho irahoraho, kandi ubushobozi bwo kuyikoresha bushingira ku bintu bikurikira: ingano y'imashini, ubwinshi bw'amavuta yo gukonjesha, ubwoko bw'uburyo n'uburyo bwo kuyigenzura, hamwe n'imiterere isanzwe y'imikorere.
Iyo umuriro wo muri firigo wiyongereye, bizongera ibyago bishobora guterwa na kompreseri. Impamvu zangiritse muri rusange zishobora guterwa n'ingingo zikurikira:
(1) Ishyushya ryinshi rikoreshwa muri firigo.
(2) Imashini ishyushya ibintu irakonja.
(3) Akayunguruzo k'ingufu kanduye kandi karafunze.
(4) Umufana cyangwa moteri y'umufana irapfa.
(5) Guhitamo nabi imiyoboro y'amaraso mu mitsi.
(6) Guhitamo cyangwa guhindura valve yo kwagura ntabwo ari byo.
(7) Kwimuka kw'ibikoresho bikonjesha.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-31-2022
