uburinzi bw'umuburo
Ibikoresho byo kwirinda umuntu ku giti cye nk'uturindantoki, indorerwamo, inkweto bigomba gutangwa mu gihe cyo gukoresha ibi bikoresho.
Serivisi zo gushyiramo, gukoresha, gupima, kuzimya no kubungabunga zigomba gukorwa n'abakozi babishoboye (abakanishi ba firigo cyangwa abahanga mu by'amashanyarazi) bafite ubumenyi n'uburambe buhagije kuri ubwo bwoko bw'ibikoresho. Ni inshingano z'umukiriya guha abakozi bo gukora akazi.
Ibikoresho byose bishobora kuba bifite umwuka wumye ufite umuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa azote. Menya neza ko usohora umwuka wafunze witonze mbere yo gushyiraho cyangwa gukoresha ibikoresho.
Irinde gukora ku nkengero z'icyuma n'amababa yacyo, kuko impande zityaye zishobora gutera imvune ku muntu.
Guhumeka cyangwa gukora ku ruhu bishobora gutera imvune, icyuma gikonjesha gikoreshwa muri ibi bikoresho ni ikintu kigenzurwa kandi kigomba gukoreshwa no kongera gukoreshwa neza. Birabujijwe gusohora icyuma gikonjesha mu bidukikije. Fata icyuma gikonjesha witonze cyane, bitabaye ibyo, umuntu ashobora gukomereka cyangwa gupfa.
Ingufu zigomba gukurwaho mbere yuko serivisi iyo ari yo yose cyangwa amashanyarazi bikorwa.
Irinde ko byagera ku miyoboro ikoreshwa muri firigo n'ahantu ho gushyushya ubushyuhe mu gihe ibikoresho biri gukoreshwa. Ahantu hashyushye cyangwa hakonje bishobora kwangiza uruhu rwawe.
Ibisabwa mu gishushanyo mbonera gisanzwe
Imashini ishyushya ubushyuhe buringaniye yakozwe ifite ubushyuhe buhagije bwa 0°C n'itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe rya 8K. Ikwiriye firigo z'ubucuruzi zifite ubushyuhe buri hagati ya -6°C na 20°C. Ubundi buryo bwo gushonga burakenewe iyo ubushyuhe bw'icyumba buri munsi ya 2°C. Imashini zishyushya ubushyuhe zisabwa kuri iyi mashini ni R507/R404A na R22.
Imashini ishyushya ubushyuhe buri hasi yakozwe ifite ubushyuhe buhagije bwo gukurura -25°C n'itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe bwa 7K. Ikwiriye kubikwa mu bucuruzi mu bukonje, ubushyuhe bw'icyumba buri hagati ya -6°C na -32°C. Imashini zishyushya ubushyuhe zisabwa kuri iyi mashini ni R507/R404A na R22.
Izi evaporator zisanzwe ntizishobora gukoresha ammonia (NH 3) nk'ibikoresho bikonjesha.
Ahantu hasabwa gushyirwa
Amategeko agenga uburyo bwo gusohora umwuka mu kirere ni aya akurikira:
Ikwirakwizwa ry'umwuka rigomba gukwirakwira mu cyumba cyose cyangwa ahantu heza ho gukorera.
Birabujijwe gushyira evaporator hejuru y'umuryango.
Imiterere y'inzira n'amashelegi ntibigomba kubangamira inzira z'umwuka utanga n'umwuka ugaruka w'icyuma gishyushya.
Intera y'imiyoboro kuva kuri evaporator kugera kuri compressor igomba kuba ngufi uko bishoboka kose.
Intera iri hagati y'umuyoboro n'umuyoboro w'amazi ijye ku murongo mugufi uko bishoboka kose.
Icyuho gito cyemewe cyo gushyiraho:
S1 - Intera iri hagati y'urukuta n'uruhande rw'umwuka rw'uruziga ni nibura mm 500.
S2 – Kugira ngo byorohe kuyibungabunga, intera iri hagati y’urukuta n’igice cyo ku mpera igomba kuba nibura 400mm.
Inyandiko zo gushyiramo
1. Gukuraho ipaki:
Mu gihe upakurura ibikoresho, genzura ibikoresho n'ibikoresho byo gupakira kugira ngo urebe niba byangiritse, ibyangiritse byose bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere. Niba hari ibice bigaragara ko byangiritse, nyamuneka hamagara umutanga serivisi ku gihe.
2. Gushyiraho ibikoresho:
Izi evaporators zishobora gufatwa n'amabolts n'amacupa. Muri rusange, bolt imwe ya 5/16 na nut ishobora gutwara ibiro bigera kuri 110Kg (250lb) naho 3/8 ishobora gutwara ibiro bigera kuri 270Kg (600lb). Nubwo bimeze bityo, ni inshingano z'uwashyizeho icyuma gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo evaporator ishyirwe mu mutekano kandi mu buryo bw'umwuga ahantu habigenewe.
Shyira icyuma gishyushya amazi mu kirere hanyuma usige umwanya uhagije kuva ku isahani yo hejuru kugeza ku gisenge kugira ngo byoroshye gusukura.
Shyira evaporator ku gisenge ukurikije aho iherereye, hanyuma ufunge icyuho kiri hagati y'igisenge n'inyuma y'evaporator ukoresheje agakoresho ko gufunga ibiryo.
Gushyiramo evaporator bigomba kuba iby’umwuga kandi aho biherereye hagomba kuba hakwiye kugira ngo amazi afunze ashobore gusohoka neza muri evaporator. Inkunga igomba kuba ifite ubushobozi buhagije bwo kwikorera uburemere bwa evaporator ubwayo, uburemere bwa firigo ishyushye hamwe n’uburemere bw’ubukonje buri ku buso bwa coil. Niba bishoboka, ni byiza gukoresha igikoresho cyo guterura kugira ngo uzamure igisenge.
3. Umuyoboro w'amazi:
Nyamuneka wemeze ko gushyiraho umuyoboro w’amazi bikurikiza HACCP y’ibiribwa n’amabwiriza agenga umutekano. Ibikoresho bishobora kuba umuyoboro w’umuringa, umuyoboro w’icyuma kitagira umuhengeri cyangwa umuyoboro wa PVC, nk’uko umukiriya abivuga. Ku bijyanye n’ubushyuhe buke, insinga zishyushya n’izishyushya zirakenewe kugira ngo hirindwe ko umuyoboro w’amazi ukomeza gukonja. Ni byiza gushyiraho imiyoboro y’amazi neza buri metero 1 y’ubuso bwa mm 300. Umuyoboro w’amazi nibura ungana n’umuyoboro w’amazi uhuza ifu y’amazi. Imiyoboro yose y’amazi ifunze igomba gushyirwaho imigozi ifite ishusho ya U kugira ngo hirindwe ko umwuka wo hanze n’impumuro mbi byinjira mu bubiko bukonje. Birabujijwe rwose guhuza neza n’imiyoboro y’amazi. Imigozi yose ya U ishyirwa hanze kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibara ry’umuhengeri. Ni byiza ko uburebure bw’umuyoboro w’amazi mu bubiko bukonje buba bugufi uko bishoboka kose.
4. Agakoresho ko gutandukanya firigo n'umunwa w'amazi:
Kugira ngo icyuma gikonjesha gikore neza, icyuma gitandukanya amazi kigomba gushyirwaho gihagaze kugira ngo icyuma gikonjesha gikwirakwizwe neza kuri buri ruziga rukonjesha.
5. Valve yo kwagura ubushyuhe, ipaki yo kumenya ubushyuhe n'umuyoboro wo hanze w'ubushyuhe:
Kugira ngo habeho ingaruka nziza zo gukonjesha, valve yo kwagura ubushyuhe igomba gushyirwa hafi y'icyuma gitandukanya amazi uko bishoboka kose.
Shyira itara rya valve yo kwagura ubushyuhe mu mwanya utambitse w'umuyoboro wo gukurura kandi hafi y'umutwe wo kwagura. Kugira ngo ugere ku rwego rushimishije rwo gukora, ni ngombwa kwemeza ko ubushyuhe bukorana neza n'umuyoboro wo kwagura ubushyuhe. Gushyira itara rya valve yo kwagura ubushyuhe n'itara ry'ubushyuhe bigomba gukurikiza amabwiriza y'uwabikoze. Gushyiramo nabi bishobora gutuma ubukonje budakomeza.
Umuyoboro wo hanze ukoreshwa mu guhuza umuyoboro wo hanze w’ingufu zo kwagura ubushyuhe n’umuyoboro wo gukurura hafi y’umuyoboro wo gukurura. Umuyoboro w’umuringa wa santimetero 1/4 uhuza n’umuyoboro wo gukurura witwa umuyoboro wo hanze wo gukurura.
Icyitonderwa: Muri iki gihe, ubwiza bwa valve yo kwagura ubushyuhe buri ku rugero rwiza, nta gusohoka kwa firigo ku muyoboro wo hanze, kandi imikorere irahamye. Bityo, aho umurongo wo hanze uhurira hashobora kuba imbere y'icyuma gipima ubushyuhe cyangwa inyuma y'icyuma gipima ubushyuhe.
6. Umuyoboro wo gushyiramo firigo:
Gushushanya no gushyiraho imiyoboro ikoresha ibyuma bikonjesha bigomba gukorwa n'abakanishi babishoboye bakonjesha hakurikijwe amategeko y'igihugu n'ay'ibanze, kandi hakurikijwe uburyo bwiza bwo gukora ibyuma bikonjesha.
Mu gihe cyo gushyiraho, gabanya igihe umunwa ushyirwa mu kirere kugira ngo wirinde ko imyanda n'ubushuhe byo hanze byinjira.
Umuyoboro uhuza ibyuma bikonjesha ntugomba kuba umwe n'umuyoboro usohoka w'icyuma gishyushya amazi. Guhitamo no kubara ingano y'umuyoboro bigomba gushingira ku ihame ryo kugabanuka k'umuvuduko muke no kugabanya umuvuduko w'amazi.
Umuyoboro ufata amazi ugororotse ugomba gusiga evaporator ifite icyerekezo runaka kugira ngo uburemere bw'amavuta akonje asubira kuri compressor bube buhagije. Uburebure bwa 1:100 burahagije. Iyo umuyoboro ufata amazi uri hejuru y'umuyoboro ufata amazi, ni byiza gushyiraho umutego wo kugarura amavuta.
Ubuyobozi bwo gukemura ibibazo
Gutangiza no gushyiraho sisitemu yo gukonjesha bigomba gukorwa n'umukanishi w'umuhanga mu gukonjesha hakurikijwe uburyo bukwiye bwo gukoresha mu gukonjesha.
Sisitemu igomba kugira ifu ihagije kugira ngo hatavamo amazi mu gihe cyo gusharija icyuma gikonjesha. Iyo hari amazi asohoka muri sisitemu, bumva ko kongera gusharija icyuma gikonjesha bitemewe. Niba sisitemu idafunguye, banza urebe niba amazi asohoka afite azote iri munsi y'umuvuduko mbere yo gusharija icyuma gikonjesha.
Ni uburyo bwiza bwo gushyiramo icyuma cyumisha amazi n'ibirahure by'amaso muri sisitemu yo gukonjesha. Imashini zumutsa amazi zituma icyuma gikonjesha kiri muri sisitemu gisukuye kandi cyumye. Ikirahure cyumutsa amazi gikoreshwa mu kugenzura ko hari icyuma gikonjesha gihagije muri sisitemu.
Gusharija bikorwa hakoreshejwe icyuma gikonjesha amazi, akenshi kiri ku ruhande rw'umuvuduko mwinshi wa sisitemu, nka condenser cyangwa accumulator. Niba sharija bigomba gukorwa ku ruhande rw'icyuma gikurura umwuka, bigomba sharija mu buryo bwa gaze.
Insinga z'uruganda zishobora kuba zifunguye bitewe n'ubwikorezi, nyamuneka ongera urebe neza insinga mbere yo kuva mu ruganda no ku nsinga ziri aho zikorera. Genzura neza ko moteri y'umufana ikora mu cyerekezo gikwiye kandi ko umwuka uva kuri koyili usohoka ku ruhande rw'umufana.
Ubuyobozi bwo Gufunga
Kuraho icyuma gishyushya amazi aho cyashyizwe mbere kandi kigomba gusenywa n'umuhanga mu by'ubukonjesha wujuje ibisabwa hakurikijwe uburyo bukurikira. Kudakurikiza ubu buryo bizatuma umukozi akomereka cyangwa agapfa ndetse n'ibintu byangirika bitewe n'inkongi cyangwa guturika. Ntibyemewe no kujugunya icyuma gishyushya amazi mu kirere. Ikigo gishyushya amazi gifite umuriro wuzuye kigomba kupomperwa mu cyuma gikurura amazi cyangwa mu kigega gikwiye cyo kubika amazi, nka silindiri yo kongera gukoresha, kandi valve ijyanye nayo igomba gufungwa icyarimwe. Ikigo gishyushya amazi cyose cyagarujwe kidashobora kongera gukoreshwa kigomba koherezwa ahantu habigenewe ho kongera gukoresha icyuma gishyushya amazi cyangwa kwangirika.
Kuraho insinga zose z'amashanyarazi zitari ngombwa, ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bihuye nabyo, hanyuma uce insinga y'ubutaka hanyuma uvanemo umuyoboro w'amazi.
Kugira ngo igitutu kiri hagati y’icyuma gishyushya n’isi yo hanze kibe kiringaniye, hagomba kwitonderwa cyane mu gihe cyo gufungura igice cy’imbere cy’urushinge rw’icyuma. Ingano runaka ya firigo ishongeshwa mu mavuta yo kwisiga. Iyo igitutu cya firigo kizamutse, firigo irabira kandi igahinduka, bishobora gutera imvune ku muntu.
Kata kandi ufunge ingingo z'imiyoboro y'amazi n'iya gaze.
Kuraho evaporator aho ishyirwa. Iyo bibaye ngombwa, koresha ibikoresho byo guterura.
kubungabunga buri gihe
Hashingiwe ku miterere isanzwe y'imikorere n'ibidukikije, nyuma yo gutangira gukora neza, hagomba gutegurwa gahunda yo kubungabunga kugira ngo icyuma gishyushya amazi gikore neza kandi gifashe amafaranga make yo gukora. Mu gihe cyo kugitunganya, reba kandi wandike ibi bikurikira:
Reba niba hari ingese mu cyuma gishyushya amazi, hari ukunyeganyega kudasanzwe, hari amavuta afunga imiyoboro y'amazi n'imiyoboro y'amazi yanduye. Imiyoboro y'amazi isaba gusukurwa kenshi n'amazi ashyushye arimo isabune.
Sukura amababa y'umusemburo w'amazi ukoresheje uburoso bworoshye, oza amababa n'amazi make cyangwa ukoreshe imashini yoza amababa igurishwa. Gukoresha imiti isukura aside birabujijwe. Nyamuneka kurikiza amabwiriza y'ikoreshwa ry'ikirango. Sukura amababa kugeza igihe nta bisigazwa bihari.
Genzura ko buri mufana wa moteri azenguruka neza, ko igipfukisho cy'umufana kidafunze, kandi ko amabati afunze neza.
Reba insinga, imiyoboro, n'ibindi bice kugira ngo urebe niba insinga zangiritse, insinga zifunguye, ndetse n'uko ibice byazo byangiritse.
Reba niba hari imiterere imwe y'ubukonje ku ruhande rw'imyotsi mu gihe cyo gukora. Gufata isanduku idahuje bigaragaza ko umutwe w'icyuma gitanga umwuka ufunganye cyangwa ko icyuma gikonjesha kitari cyo. Hashobora kuba nta bukonje buri kuri coil aho ikururwa bitewe n'umwuka ushyushye cyane.
Reba imiterere idasanzwe y'ubukonje hanyuma uhindure uburyo bwo gushonga neza.
Reba ubushyuhe bukabije hanyuma uhindure valve yo kwagura ubushyuhe uko bikwiye.
Ingufu zigomba kuzimwa mu gihe cyo gusukura no kubungabunga. Amasafuriya yo kuvoma amazi na yo ni ibice bikeneye gusuzumwa (ibishyushye, bikonje, amashanyarazi n'ibigenda). Hari ikibazo cy'umutekano mu mikorere y'icyuma gishyushya amazi kidafite umuyoboro w'amazi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-23-2022
