1. Ubumenyi bw'ibanze ku bijyanye n'umwuka wo hagati mu kirere
1. Igikoresho gikonjesha ni iki kandi ni iyihe ngingo ngenderwaho ikora?
Ikintu gikora gihindura ubushyuhe hagati y’ikintu kigomba gukonjeshwa n’icyo mu kirere, hanyuma kigahindura ubushyuhe buva ku kintu kigomba gukonjeshwa kikajya mu kintu kiri muri firigo gikora uruziga rwo gukonjesha. Ihame ryacyo ni uko firigo ifata ubushyuhe bw’ikintu gikonjeshwa kiri muri evaporator ikagenda ihinduka umwuka.
2. Igikoresho cyongera ubushyuhe gikoreshwa mu gukonjesha ni iki kandi ni iyihe ngingo ngenderwaho ikora?
Ikintu gikoreshwa mu gukonjesha gikoresha icyuma gikonjesha kikajya mu gikonjesha. Urugero, amazi akonje akoreshwa cyane akonjesha akonjeshwa mu cyuma gikonjesha hanyuma akajyanwa kure kugira ngo akonjeshe ibintu bigomba gukonjeshwa.
3. Ubushyuhe bwumvikana ni iki?
Ni ukuvuga ko ubushyuhe butera impinduka mu bushyuhe budahinduye imiterere y'ikintu bwitwa ubushyuhe bwumvikana. Impinduka z'ubushyuhe bwumvikana zishobora gupimwa hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bipima ubushyuhe.
4. Ubushyuhe buhishe ni iki?
Ubushyuhe butera impinduka mu miterere (buzwi kandi nka phase transition) budahinduye ubushyuhe bw'ikintu bwitwa ubushyuhe butigaragaza. Impinduka mu bushyuhe butigaragaza ntizishobora gupimwa hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bipima ubushyuhe.
5. Igitutu gihinduka, igitutu gihoraho n'igitutu cyose ni iki?
Mu guhitamo icyuma gikonjesha cyangwa umufana, ibitekerezo bitatu by'umuvuduko udahinduka, umuvuduko uhindagurika, n'umuvuduko wose bikunze kugaragara.
Umuvuduko uhoraho (Pi): Umuvuduko uterwa n'ingaruka z'umwuka ku rukuta rw'umuyoboro bitewe n'ingendo zidasobanutse witwa umuvuduko uhoraho. Mu kubara, umuvuduko uhoraho ufite vacuum rwose nk'ingingo ya zeru yo kubara witwa umuvuduko uhoraho. Umuvuduko uhoraho ufite umuvuduko uhoraho nk'ingufu z'umwuka witwa umuvuduko uhoraho. Umuvuduko uhoraho w'umwuka muri conditioner yerekeza ku muvuduko uhoraho. Umuvuduko uhoraho uba mwiza iyo uri hejuru y'umuvuduko uhoraho naho uri hasi iyo uri munsi y'umuvuduko uhoraho.
Umuvuduko uhinduka (Pb): yerekeza ku muvuduko uterwa n'umwuka iyo utemba. Igihe cyose umwuka utemba mu muyoboro w'umwuka, hazabaho umuvuduko uhinduka, kandi agaciro kawo kazahora ari keza.
Igitutu cyose (Pq): Igitutu cyose ni igiteranyo cya aljebra cy'igitutu kitahinduka n'igitutu kidahinduka: Pq = Pi + Pb. Igitutu cyose kigereranya ingufu zose zifitwe na gaze ya 1m3. Iyo igitutu cy'ikirere gikoreshejwe nk'aho hatangirwa kubara, gishobora kuba cyiza cyangwa kibi.
2. Gushyira mu byiciro ibikoresho bikonjesha umwuka
1. Dukurikije icyo ikoreshwa, ni ubuhe bwoko bwa conditioner bushobora kugabanywamo?
Konfeteriza nziza: isaba ubushyuhe bukwiye, ibidukikije byiza, nta byangombwa bikomeye ku bijyanye no gukosora ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe, ikoreshwa mu mazu, mu biro, mu byumba by'imikino, mu maduka, mu ngo, mu modoka, mu mato, mu ndege, nibindi.
Igikoresho gikonjesha: Hari ibisabwa kugira ngo ubushyuhe buhindurwe neza, kandi hari n'ibisabwa cyane kugira ngo umwuka ugire isuku. Gikoreshwa mu mahugurwa yo gukora ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, mu mahugurwa yo gukora ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, mu byumba bya mudasobwa, muri laboratwari z'ibinyabuzima, n'ibindi.
2. Dukurikije uburyo bwo kuvura umwuka, ni ubuhe bwoko bushobora kugabanywamo?
Imashini ikoresha umwuka ushyushye: Ibikoresho bitunganya umwuka byiganje mu cyumba cyo hagati gikonjesha, kandi umwuka wavuwe woherezwa muri sisitemu ikoresha umwuka ushyushye muri buri cyumba unyuze mu muyoboro w'umwuka. Birakwiriye ahantu hanini, ibyumba binini, kandi hari ubushyuhe n'ubukonje byegereye cyane muri buri cyumba.
Imashini ifata umwuka neza: Sisitemu ifata umwuka neza ifite ibikoresho bifata umwuka neza ndetse n'ibikoresho bitwara umwuka neza. Iyi sisitemu iragoye cyane kandi ishobora gukora neza cyane. Ikwiriye imirimo yo mu birori na laboratwari zifite ibisabwa byinshi ku bijyanye n'ubuziranenge bw'umwuka.
Igikonjesha cy’umwuka mu gice kimwe: Buri cyumba gifite ibikoresho byacyo byo gutunganya gikonjesha, nka gikonjesha gitandukanye. Gishobora kandi kuba sisitemu igizwe n’ibikonjesha by’umwuka bifite imiyoboro itanga amazi akonje n’ashyushye hagati, kandi buri cyumba gishobora guhindura ubushyuhe bw’icyumba cyacyo uko bikenewe.
3. Dukurikije ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha, ni ubuhe bwoko bushobora kugabanywamo?
Ibikoresho binini byo gukonjesha: nk'ubwoko bw'ibikoresho byo gukonjesha bihuza ahantu hatambitse, ibikoresho byo gukonjesha bikonjesha hejuru, bikoreshwa mu matsinda manini, muri sinema, n'ibindi.
Ibikoresho bikonjesha biciriritse: nk'ibikoresho bikonjesha amazi n'ibikoresho bikonjesha mu kabati, nibindi, bikoreshwa mu mahugurwa mato, mu byumba bya mudasobwa, ahantu habera inama, muri resitora, nibindi.
Imashini nto zikonjesha: imashini zikonjesha zo mu bwoko butandukanye ku biro, mu ngo, mu mazu y'abashyitsi, n'ibindi.
4. Dukurikije ingano y'umwuka mwiza, ni ubuhe bwoko bwa conditioner bushobora kugabanywamo?
Sisitemu inyuramo rimwe: Umwuka utunganywa ni umwuka mwiza, woherezwa muri buri cyumba kugira ngo ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe bihindurwe hanyuma ugasohoka ujya hanze, nta miyoboro y'umwuka igaruka.
Sisitemu ifunze: sisitemu aho umwuka wose utunganywa n'icyuma gikonjesha usubiramo kandi nta mwuka mwiza wongerwamo.
Sisitemu y'ubuvanganzo: Umwuka ukoreshwa na conditioner ni uruvange rw'umwuka ugaruka n'umwuka mwiza.
5. Bishyizwe mu byiciro hakurikijwe umuvuduko w'umwuka utangwa?
Sisitemu yihuta cyane: umuvuduko w'umuyaga w'umuyoboro w'umwuka munini ni 20-30m / s.
Sisitemu y'umuvuduko muto: umuvuduko w'umuyaga w'umuyoboro w'umwuka uri munsi ya 12m/s.
3. Amagambo asanzwe akoreshwa ku bikoresho bikonjesha umwuka
1. Ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha bw'inyuguti
Ubushyuhe buvanwa mu mwanya cyangwa mu cyumba n'icyuma gikonjesha munsi y'imiterere y'ubukonje bw'inyuguti imwe kuri buri gihe cyitwa ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha bw'inyuguti imwe.
2. Ubushobozi bwo gushyushya busanzwe
Ubushyuhe buva muri conditioner bujya mu mwanya cyangwa mu cyumba hakurikijwe imiterere y’ubushyuhe buri gihe.
3. Igipimo cy'Imikoreshereze y'Ingufu (EER)
Ingufu zo gukonjesha kuri buri gice cy'ingufu zinjira muri moteri. Zigaragaza igipimo cy'ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha bwa conditioner n'imbaraga zo gukonjesha mu gihe cyo gukonjesha, kandi igice ni W/W.
4. Igipimo cy'imikorere (COP)
Igipimo cy'imikorere cya COP agaciro ka compressor ikora ubukonje, ni ukuvuga: ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha kuri buri shaft.
5. Ibipimo bisanzwe byo gupima icyuma gikonjesha n'uburyo gihinduka:
Kilowati imwe (KW) = karori 860 (Kcal/h).
Kalori nini (Kcal/h) = watts 1.163 (w).
Toni 1 yo gukonjesha (USRT) = 3024 kcal (Kcal/h).
Toni 1 yo muri firigo (USRT) = Wati 3517 (W).
4. Imashini zikoresha umwuka usanzwe
1. Igikoresho gikonjesha gikonjeshwa n'amazi
Igikonjesha gikonjeshwa n'amazi kiri mu gice gikonjesha igice cy'ubukonjesha hagati mu buryo bwo gukonjesha. Igikonjesha cyacyo ni amazi, cyitwa igikonjesha, kandi gukonjesha kwa condenser bikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gushyushya no gukonjesha amazi mu bushyuhe busanzwe. Kubwibyo, cyitwa igice gikonjeshwa n'amazi, naho ikindi gice gikonjeshwa n'amazi cyitwa igice gikonjeshwa n'umwuka. Igikonjesha cy'igice gikonjeshwa n'umwuka kigera ku ntego yo gukonjesha hakoreshejwe umwuka uhumeka ku ngufu no gushyushya n'umwuka wo hanze.
2. Sisitemu ya VRV
Sisitemu ya VRV ni sisitemu ihinduka yo gukonjesha. Imiterere yayo ni itsinda ry'ibice byo hanze, bigizwe n'ibice bikora, ibice by'umuvuduko uhoraho n'ibice byo guhindura inshuro. Mu guhuza sisitemu yo hanze mu buryo bungana, imiyoboro yo gukonjesha iba yinjijwe mu buryo bumwe bw'umuyoboro, bushobora guhuzwa byoroshye hakurikijwe ubushobozi bw'ibice byo mu nzu.
Ibikoresho bigera kuri 30 byo mu nzu bishobora guhuzwa n'itsinda rimwe ry'ibikoresho byo mu nzu, kandi ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho byo mu nzu bushobora guhindurwa hagati ya 50% na 130% by'ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho byo hanze.
3. Imashini ya module
Yakozwe hashingiwe kuri sisitemu ya VRV, iyi mashini ihindura umuyoboro wa Freon usanzwe mo sisitemu y'amazi, igahuza ibikoresho byo mu nzu n'ibyo hanze mo icyuma gikonjesha, hanyuma igahindura ibikoresho byo mu nzu mo icyuma gikonjesha. Uburyo bwo gukonjesha bukorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo guhanahana ubushyuhe bw'amazi akonjesha. Iyi mashini ihabwa izina ryayo kuko ishobora guhindura umubare w'ibikoresho bishya hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu gukonjesha no guhuza neza.
4. Igikoresho gikonjesha cya piston
Igikoresho gikonjesha cya piston ni igikoresho gikonjesha gikoreshwa mu gukonjesha, gihuza neza compressor ya piston, ibikoresho by'inyongera n'ibindi bikoresho bikenewe kugira ngo imikorere y'igikonjesho igende neza. Igikoresho gikonjesha cya piston gifite imbaraga zo gukonjesha hagati ya 60 na 900KW, kibereye imishinga mito n'iciriritse.
5. Igikoresho gikonjesha vis
Udukoresho two gukonjesha ni ibikoresho binini n'ibiciriritse bikonjesha bitanga amazi akonje. Bikunze gukoreshwa mu gukonjesha mu bushakashatsi ku ngabo z'igihugu, guteza imbere ingufu, gutwara abantu n'ibintu, amahoteli, resitora, inganda z'urumuri, imyenda n'andi mashami, ndetse n'amazi akonjesha mu mishinga yo kubungabunga amazi n'amashanyarazi. Udukoresho two gukonjesha ni sisitemu yuzuye yo gukonjesha igizwe n'icyuma gikonjesha gikonjesha, condenser, evaporator, ibice byo kugenzura byikora n'ibikoresho. Ifite ibyiza byo kuba imiterere mito, ingano nto, uburemere bworoheje, uburebure buto, imikorere yoroshye no kubungabunga, hamwe n'imikorere ihamye, bityo ikaba yarakoreshejwe cyane. Ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukonjesha buri hagati ya 150 na 2200KW, kandi ikwiriye imishinga iciriritse n'inini.
6. Igikoresho gikonjesha gikoresha centrifugal
Igikoresho cyo gukonjesha gikoresha centrifugal ni icyuma cyuzuye gikozwe na compressors zo gukonjesha zikoresha centrifugal, evaporators zijyanye, condenser, ibikoresho byo kugenzura throttling hamwe na metero zipima amashanyarazi. Ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha bw'imashini imwe ni hagati ya 700 na 4200KW. Kirakwiriye imishinga minini n'inini cyane.
7. Igikoresho cyo gukonjesha cya Lithium bromide
Igikoresho cyo gukonjesha cya lithium bromide gikoresha ingufu z'ubushyuhe nk'ingufu, amazi nk'igikonjesha, na lithium bromide nk'igikoresho cyo gukonjesha kugira ngo gikore amazi yo gukonjesha ari hejuru ya 0°C, ashobora gukoreshwa nk'isoko ikonjesha mu bikorwa byo gukonjesha cyangwa gukora. Igikoresho cyo gukonjesha cya lithium bromide gikoresha ingufu z'ubushyuhe nk'uko Hari ubwoko butatu bw'ingufu busanzwe: ubwoko bwo gutwika butaziguye, ubwoko bw'umwuka, n'ubwoko bw'amazi ashyushye. Ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha buri hagati ya 230 na 5800KW, bukwiriye imishinga minini, minini, n'inini cyane.
5. Gushyira mu byiciro ibikoresho bikonjesha mu buryo bw'umwuka wo hagati
Igice cyo gukonjesha gikoreshwa mu gukonjesha ni cyo gice cy’ingenzi cya sisitemu yo gukonjesha. Guhitamo neza ibice ni ingenzi cyane ku mushinga wo gukonjesha. Ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo gukonjesha n'imiterere y'ibice by'amazi akonje (ashyushye), bishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bukurikira.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-06-2023
