Kugira ngo ukore firigo, banza usobanukirwe ubumenyi busanzwe bwo gukoresha firigo

Refrigerant, izwi kandi nka refrigerant, ni yo ikora muri sisitemu yo gukonjesha. Kuri ubu, hari ubwoko burenga 80 bw'ibintu bishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibikonjesha. Ibikonjesha bikunze gukoreshwa cyane ni Freon (harimo: R22, R134a, R407c, R410a, R32, nibindi), ammonia (NH3), amazi (H2O), dioxyde de carbone (CO2), umubare muto wa hydrocarbon (nka: R290, R600a).

Ingaruka z’ibipimo bya firigo ku bidukikije ku isi zirimo ahanini: ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ozone (ODP) n’ubushobozi bwo gushyuha kw’isi (GWP); uretse ingaruka ku bidukikije, firigo zigomba kandi kugira umutekano ukwiye kugira ngo zirinde ubuzima bw’abantu n’ibintu byabo.

ODP Ozone Ishobora Kugabanuka: Igaragaza ubushobozi bwa chlorofluorocarbons mu kirere bwo gusenya urwego rwa ozone. Uko agaciro kaba gato, niko imiterere y’ibidukikije bya refrigerant irushaho kuba myiza. Refrigerants zifite agaciro ka ODP kari munsi ya 0.05 cyangwa kangana na zo zifatwa nk'izemewe hashingiwe ku rugero rw'ubu.

Ubushobozi bwo gushyuha kw'isi bwa GWP: Ikimenyetso cy'ingaruka z'ikirere ziterwa n'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, kigaragaza ko mu gihe runaka (imyaka 20, imyaka 100, imyaka 500), ingaruka z'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere runaka zihuye n'ubwiza bwa CO2 ifite ingaruka imwe, CO2. GWP = 1.0. Ubusanzwe ubarura GWP ukurikije imyaka 100, yiswe GWP100, "Montreal Protocol" na "Kyoto Protocol" byombi bikoresha GWP100.

1. Gushyira mu byiciro ibikoresho bikonjesha

Dukurikije GB/T 7778-2017, umutekano w’ibikoresho bikonjesha ugabanyijemo ibyiciro 8, aribyo: A1, A2L, A2, A3, B1, B2L, B2, B3, muri byo A1 ni yo yizewe cyane naho B3 ikaba ari yo iteje akaga cyane.

Urwego rw'umutekano rw'ibikoresho bikoreshwa muri firigo bisanzwe ni uru rukurikira:

Ubwoko A1: R11, R12, R13, R113, R114, R115, R116, R22, R124, R23, R125, R134a,, R236fa, R218, RC318, R401a, R401b, R402a, R402b, R403a, R403b, R404a, R407a, R407b, R407c, R407d, R408a, R409a, R410a, R417a, R422d, R500, R501, R502, R507a, R508a, R508b, R509a, R513a, R744

Ubwoko A2: R142b, R152a, R406a, R411a, R411b, R412a, R413a, R415b, R418a, R419a, R512a

Icyiciro cya A2L: R143a, R32, R1234yf, R1234ze (E)

Icyiciro A3: R290, R600, R600a, R601a, R1270, RE170, R510a, R511a

Icyiciro B1: R123, R245fa

Icyiciro cya B2L: R717

Dukurikije ubushyuhe bw'ibyuka bya firigo munsi y'umuvuduko usanzwe w'ikirere (100kPa), ishobora kugabanywamo: firigo ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi, firigo iri hagati, n'ifirigo ifite ubushyuhe bwo hasi.

Imashini ishyushya cyane kandi ifite umuvuduko muke: ubushyuhe bwo guhumeka buri hejuru ya 0°C, naho umuvuduko wo guhumeka ukaba uri munsi ya 29.41995×104Pa. Izi mashini zishyushya zikwiriye gukoreshwa muri compressors zishyushya zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya centrifugal muri sisitemu zikonjesha.

Igikoresho gikonjesha kiri hagati y’umuvuduko: Igikoresho gikonjesha kiri hagati y’umuvuduko: ubushyuhe bwo guhumeka -50 ~ 0°C, igipimo cyo gukonjesha (196.113 ~ 29.41995) × 104Pa. Ubu bwoko bwa firigo bukoreshwa muri sisitemu isanzwe yo gukonjesha ya piston ifite icyiciro kimwe n’iy’ibice bibiri.

Icupa rikonjesha rifite umuvuduko mwinshi n'ubushyuhe buke: Icupa rikonjesha rifite umuvuduko mwinshi n'ubushyuhe buke: ubushyuhe bwo guhumeka buri munsi ya -50°C, kandi umuvuduko wo guhumeka uri hejuru ya 196.133×104Pa. Ubwo bwoko bwa firigo bukwiriye igice cy'ubushyuhe buke cy'igikoresho gikonjesha cyangwa igikoresho gikonjesha kiri munsi ya -70°C.