Sisitemu yo gukonjesha ni ijambo rusange rivuga ibikoresho n'imiyoboro binyuzwamo firigo, harimo compressors, condenser, throttling devices, evaporators, imiyoboro n'ibikoresho by'inyongera. Ni sisitemu nyamukuru y'ibikoresho bikonjesha, ibikoresho bikonjesha n'ibikonjesha.
Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibibazo byo kuziba muri sisitemu yo gukonjesha, nko kuziba urubura, kuziba umwanda, no kuziba amavuta. Kuri valve yo gucana, ikimenyetso ni igitutu kibi, urusaku rw'icyuma cyo hanze rukora ni rworoheje, kandi nta rusaku rw'amazi atemba muri evaporator.
Impamvu n'ibimenyetso byo kuziba kw'urubura
Ibibazo byo kuziba urubura biterwa ahanini n'ubushuhe bwinshi mu buryo bwo gukonjesha. Iyo icyuma gikonjesha kigenda gitembera neza, ubushuhe mu buryo bwo gukonjesha bugenda bwiyongera buhoro buhoro ku gice cyo gusohokeramo. Kubera ko ubushyuhe ku gice cyo gusohokeramo ari bwo bwo hasi, amazi arakonja kandi buhoro buhoro yiyongera, ku rugero runaka, igice cyo gusohokeramo kizafungwa burundu, icyuma gikonjesha ntigishobora gutembera, kandi firigo ntizakonja.
Isoko nyamukuru y’ubushuhe muri sisitemu yo gukonjesha ni: impapuro zikingira moteri muri compressor zirimo ubushuhe, ari na zo soko nyamukuru y’ubushuhe muri sisitemu. Byongeye kandi, ibice n’imiyoboro ihuza sisitemu yo gukonjesha bifite ubushuhe busigaye bitewe no kuruma ku rugero ruto; amavuta ya firigo na firigo bikubiyemo ubushuhe burenga ingano yemewe; Bikururwa n’impapuro zikingira moteri n’amavuta yo gukonjesha. Kubera impamvu zavuzwe haruguru, ingano y’amazi muri sisitemu yo gukonjesha irenze ingano yemewe ya sisitemu yo gukonjesha, kandi hakabaho kuziba kw’urubura. Ku ruhande rumwe, kuziba kw’urubura bizatuma firigo inanirwa gutembera neza, kandi firigo ntizashobora gukonja neza; ku rundi ruhande, amazi azahura n’icyuma gikonjesha mu buryo bwa shimi kugira ngo akore aside hydrochloric na hydrogen fluoride, bizatera ingese y’imiyoboro y’icyuma n’ibice byayo, ndetse binagire ingaruka ku miyoboro ya moteri. Ubwishyu burangirika, kandi icyarimwe, bizatuma amavuta ya firigo yangirika kandi bigira ingaruka ku mavuta ya compressor. Ubushuhe muri sisitemu bugomba kugabanuka cyane.
Ibimenyetso by'uko urubura rufunganye muri sisitemu yo gukonjesha ni uko rukora neza mu cyiciro cya mbere, ubukonje butangira gukorwa muri evaporator, condenser igabanya ubushyuhe, utwuma dukora neza, kandi urusaku rw'ibikorwa bya refrigerant muri evaporator rurasobanutse kandi ruhamye. Iyo urubura rufunganye, umwuka usohoka urashobora kumvikana buhoro buhoro ugabanuka kandi ukagira ingaruka. Iyo urubura rufunganye cyane, urusaku rw'umwuka ugenda ushira, uruziga rwa refrigerant rurahagarara, kandi condenser igenda ikonja buhoro buhoro. Kubera kuziba, umuvuduko w'imyotsi uzamuka, urusaku rw'imashini ruriyongera, nta refrigerant isohoka mu evaporator, agace k'ubukonje kagenda kagabanuka buhoro buhoro, kandi ubushyuhe bugenda bwiyongera buhoro buhoro. Muri icyo gihe, ubushyuhe bwa capillary nabwo burazamuka hamwe, bityo uduce tw'urubura dutangira gushonga. Refrigerant itangira kongera kuzenguruka. Nyuma y'igihe runaka, urubura ruzongera kugaruka, rugakora ikintu kidahinduka.
Impamvu n'ibimenyetso byo kuziba kw'umwanda
Ikosa ryo kuziba imyanda riterwa n’umwanda mwinshi mu buryo bwo gukonjesha. Inkomoko nyamukuru y’umwanda muri ubwo buryo ni: ivumbi n’ibyuma bicukurwa mu gihe cyo gukora firigo, urwego rwa okiside ruri ku rukuta rw’imbere rw’imiyoboro mu gihe cyo gusudira, ubuso bw’imbere n’inyuma bw’ibice ntibusukurwa mu gihe cyo gutunganya, kandi imiyoboro ntabwo ifunze neza. Mu muyoboro, hari umwanda mu mavuta ya firigo n’icyuma gikonjesha, hamwe n’ifu ya desiccant ifite ubuziranenge bubi mu cyuma cyo kumisha. Imyanda myinshi n’ifu bikurwaho n’icyuma cyumuka iyo binyura mu cyuma cyo kumisha, kandi iyo icyuma cyumuka gifite umwanda mwinshi, umwanda muto n’imyanda bijyanwa mu cyuma cyo kumisha n’icyuma gikonjesha gifite umuvuduko mwinshi w’amazi. Ibice bifite ubushobozi bwo kuziba byiyongera kandi bikiyongera, kandi ubushobozi bwo kuziba bwiyongera, bigatuma byoroha ko imyanda igumaho kugeza igihe cyuma cyo kumisha kizibye kandi uburyo bwo gukonjesha budashobora kuzenguruka. Byongeye kandi, niba intera iri hagati y’icyuma cyo kumisha n’icyuma cyo kumisha kiri mu cyuma cyo kumisha iri hafi cyane, biroroshye gutera kuziba kw’umwanda; Byongeye kandi, iyo urimo gusudira umuyoboro w'amaraso n'icyuma cyumye, biroroshye kandi gusudira umuyoboro w'amaraso.
Nyuma y’uko sisitemu yo gukonjesha yanduye kandi igafunga, kubera ko firigo idashobora kuzenguruka, compressor irakomeza gukora, evaporator ntabwo ikonje, condenser ntabwo ishyushye, igikonoshwa cya compressor ntabwo gishyushye, kandi nta rusaku rw’umwuka utemba muri evaporator. Iyo ifunze igice, evaporator izagira ubukonje cyangwa ubukonje, ariko nta bukonje. Iyo ukoze ku buso bw’inyuma bwa filter yumye na capillary, wumva ubukonje cyane, hari ubukonje, ndetse n’urukuta rw’umweru ruzaba rukora. Ibi biterwa nuko iyo firigo inyura muri filter yumye cyangwa capillary, itera gufungana no kugabanya umuvuduko, ku buryo firigo inyura muri iyo closure izakura, ihinduke umwuka, kandi ifate ubushyuhe, bigatuma amazi ahinduka cyangwa ahinduka ku buso bw’inyuma bwa closure. Ubukonje.
Itandukaniro riri hagati yo kuziba urubura no kuziba umwanda: nyuma y'igihe runaka, kuziba urubura bishobora kongera gukonja, bigasubiramo gufunguka igihe gito, kuziba akanya gato, kongera gufungura nyuma yo kuziba, no kongera kuziba nyuma yo gufungura. Nyuma y'uko icyuma cyanduye kibayeho, ntigishobora gushyirwa muri firigo.
Uretse imiyoboro y’amaraso yanduye, iyo hari imyanda myinshi mu mubiri, akayunguruzo kumutse kazafungwa buhoro buhoro. Kubera ko ubushobozi bwa kayunguruzo ubwako bwo gukuraho imyanda n’imyanda ari buke, kazafungwa bitewe n’uko imyanda ikomeza kwiyongera.
Kunanirwa gufunga peteroli n'ibindi bibazo byo kuziba imiyoboro
Impamvu nyamukuru ituma amavuta ashyirwa muri sisitemu yo gukonjesha ni uko silinda ya compressor yangiritse cyane cyangwa icyuho kiri hagati ya piston na silinda kikaba kinini cyane.
Gasoline iva muri kompreseri isohoka mu cyuma gikonjesha, hanyuma ikinjira muri firigo yumye hamwe na firigo. Kubera ubukana bwinshi bw'amavuta, irafungwa n'agace kayikuramo muri firigo. Iyo amavuta menshi cyane, ifunga aho firigo yinjira, bigatuma firigo idakomeza gutembera neza, kandi firigo ntikonje.
Impamvu yo kuziba kw'indi miyoboro ni: iyo umuyoboro ufunze, ufungwa n'umusemburo; cyangwa iyo umuyoboro usimbuwe, umuyoboro wasimbuwe ubwawo urafungwa kandi ntuboneke. Kuziba kw'imiyoboro byavuzwe haruguru biterwa n'ibintu bya muntu, bityo ni ngombwa gusudira no gusimbuza umuyoboro, bigomba gukoreshwa no gusuzumwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa, ntibizatera kuziba kw'ubukorano.
Uburyo bwo gukuraho imbogamizi ku buryo bwo gukonjesha
1 Gukemura ikibazo cyo kuziba kw'urubura
Gufunga urubura muri sisitemu yo gukonjesha biterwa n'ubushuhe bwinshi muri sisitemu, bityo sisitemu yose yo gukonjesha igomba kuba yumye. Hari uburyo bubiri bwo kubyitwaramo:
1. Koresha ifuru yumisha kugira ngo ushyushye kandi wumishe buri gice. Kuraho compressor, condenser, evaporator, capillary, n'umuyoboro w'umwuka ugarura umwuka muri sisitemu yo gukonjesha muri firigo, hanyuma ubishyire mu ifuru yumisha kugira ngo bishyushye kandi byumutse. Ubushyuhe buri mu gasanduku ni hafi 120°C, igihe cyo kumisha ni amasaha 4. Nyuma yo gukonjesha bisanzwe, humura hanyuma wumishe na azote imwe imwe. Simbuza akayunguruzo gashya k'umusemburo, hanyuma ukomeze guteranya no gusudira, kumenya aho amazi aturuka, gusukura, kuzuza ibyuma bikonjesha, gukora igerageza no gufunga. Ubu buryo ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo gukemura ikibazo cyo kuziba kw'urubura, ariko bukoreshwa gusa ku ishami ry'ingwate ry'uruganda rukora firigo. Ishami rishinzwe gusana rishobora gukoresha uburyo nko gushyushya no gukuraho kugira ngo hakurweho amakosa yo kuziba kw'urubura.
2. Koresha ubushyuhe n'ubukonje n'ubukonje bubiri kugira ngo ukureho ubushuhe mu bice bigize sisitemu yo gukonjesha.
2 Gukuraho amakosa yo kuziba kw'ibintu byanduye
Hari uburyo bubiri bwo gukemura ikibazo cyo kuziba kw'imiyoboro y'amaraso: bumwe ni ugukoresha azote ifite umuvuduko mwinshi hamwe n'ubundi buryo bwo gusohora imiyoboro y'amaraso yazibye. Gukuraho. Niba imiyoboro y'amaraso yazibye cyane kandi uburyo bwavuzwe haruguru budashobora gukuraho ikibazo, simbura imiyoboro y'amaraso kugira ngo ukureho ikibazo, nk'uko bikurikira:
1. Koresha azote ifite umuvuduko mwinshi kugira ngo uhushye umwanda uri mu muyoboro w'amazi: kata umuyoboro w'amazi kugira ngo usuke amazi, uhuze umuyoboro w'amazi uva mu kayunguruzo k'umuyoboro, uhuze valve yo gusana y'inzira eshatu n'umuyoboro w'amazi wa compressor, hanyuma uwuzuze umuvuduko mwinshi wa azote ya 0.6-0.8MPa, hanyuma ugorore umuyoboro w'amazi, uwushyushye ukoresheje umuriro wo gusudira gazi, ushyiremo umwuka wa karuboni mu muyoboro, hanyuma uhushye umwanda uri mu muyoboro w'amazi ukoresheje azote ifite umuvuduko mwinshi. Nyuma yuko umuyoboro w'amazi udafite ikibazo, ongeramo mililitiro 100 za tetrachloride ya karuboni kugira ngo woze umwuka. Kondensateri ishobora gusukurwa na tetrachloride ya karuboni ku gikoresho cyo gusukura umuyoboro. Hanyuma usimbuze akayunguruzo k'umuyoboro, hanyuma wuzuze azote kugira ngo umenye aho amazi ava, uvange umwuka, hanyuma wuzuzemo firigo.
2. Simbuza umuyoboro w'amazi: Niba umwanda uri mu muyoboro w'amazi udashobora gukurwamo hakoreshejwe uburyo bwavuzwe haruguru, ushobora gusimbuza umuyoboro w'amazi hamwe n'umuyoboro w'amazi ufite umuvuduko muto. Banza ukuremo umuyoboro w'amazi ufite umuvuduko muto n'umuyoboro w'amazi mu gice cy'umuringa n'aluminiyumu cy'icyuma gishyushya hakoreshejwe gazi. Mu gihe cyo gusenya no gusudira, igice cy'umuringa n'aluminiyumu kigomba gupfundikirwa n'ubudodo butose kugira ngo umuyoboro w'aluminiyumu udashya ku bushyuhe bwinshi.
Mu gusimbuza umuyoboro wa capillary, umuvuduko w'amazi ukwiye gupimwa. Aho umuyoboro wa capillary usohoka ntugomba guhuzwa n'aho ujya mu cyuma gishyushya. Shyiramo valve yo kugabanya umuvuduko n'igipimo cy'umuvuduko ku gice cyo kwinjira n'aho usohoka cya compressor. Iyo umuvuduko w'ikirere wo hanze ungana, umuvuduko w'igipimo cy'umuvuduko mwinshi ugomba kuba uhamye kuri 1 ~ 1.2MPa. Iyo umuvuduko urenze, bivuze ko umuvuduko w'amazi ari muto cyane, kandi igice cya capillary gishobora gucibwa kugeza igihe umuvuduko ukwiriye. Iyo umuvuduko uri hasi cyane, bivuze ko umuvuduko w'amazi ari munini cyane. Ushobora kuzingira capillary inshuro nyinshi kugira ngo wongere imbaraga za capillary, cyangwa usimbuze capillary. Nyuma y'umuvuduko ukwiriye, shyira capillary ku muyoboro w'amazi wa evaporator.
Mu gusudira umuyoboro mushya w’umuringa n’aluminiyumu, uburebure bw’umuyoboro w’umuringa n’aluminiyumu bugomba kuba hagati ya cm 4 na 5 kugira ngo hirindwe kuziba kw’umuyoboro. Iyo umuyoboro w’amazi uhujwe n’akayunguruzo k’umuyoboro, uburebure bw’umuyoboro bugomba kuba cm 2.5. Iyo umuyoboro w’amazi uhujwe cyane mu kayunguruzo k’umuyoboro kandi wegereye cyane agahuzu k’umuyoboro, uduce duto tw’umuyoboro w’amazi twinjira mu muyoboro w’amazi tukawufunga. Iyo umuyoboro w’amazi uhujwe gato cyane, imyanda n’uduce tw’umuyoboro w’amazi mu gihe cyo gusudira byinjira mu muyoboro w’amazi kandi bikafunga umuyoboro w’amazi mu buryo butaziguye. Bityo, imiyoboro y’amazi ihuzwa mu kayunguruzo ntabwo iba myinshi cyane cyangwa nto cyane. Iyo myinshi cyangwa nke cyane bitera ibyago byo kuziba. Ishusho ya 6-11 igaragaza aho umuyoboro w’amazi n’umuyoboro w’amazi uhuzwa.
3 Gukemura ibibazo byo gufunga amavuta
Kunanirwa gufunga amavuta bigaragaza ko hari amavuta menshi cyane akoreshwa mu mashini zikonjesha asigaye muri firigo, ibyo bigira ingaruka ku gukonjesha cyangwa bikananirwa no gukonjesha. Kubwibyo, amavuta akoreshwa mu mashini zikonjesha ari muri firigo agomba gusukurwa.
Iyo amavuta ya filter azibye, hagomba gusimbuzwa filter nshya, kandi icyarimwe, hagakoreshwa azote ifite umuvuduko mwinshi kugira ngo hamene igice cy'amavuta ya firigo yakusanyirijwe muri frigo, kandi hagakoreshwa icyuma cyumisha umusatsi kugira ngo gishyushye filter iyo azote ishyizwemo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-06-2023
