Hari uburyo butatu bwo kuzenguruka mu nganda zikora ubukonje, kandi ibibazo by'ubunini bikunze kubaho mu buryo butandukanye bwo kuzenguruka, nko mu buryo bwo kuzenguruka mu bukonje, mu buryo bwo kuzenguruka amazi, no mu buryo bwo kugenzura imikorere y'amashanyarazi. Uburyo butandukanye bwo kuzenguruka busaba ubufatanye busesuye kugira ngo intego yo gukora neza igerweho.
Bityo rero, ni ngombwa ko buri sisitemu iguma mu rugero rusanzwe rw'imikorere. Nubwo imikorere y'ibikoresho bitandukanye bikonjesha bikorerwa mu nganda zo mu gihugu ihagaze neza, niba ibikorwa byo kubungabunga no kubungabunga bidakozwe igihe kirekire, byanze bikunze bizatera ibibazo byinshi. Ntabwo bitera kuziba ibikoresho gusa, ahubwo binagira ingaruka ku muvuduko w'amazi y'ibikoresho.
Bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere rusange y’ibikoresho bikonjesha mu nganda, ndetse binagabanya igihe cy’ubuzima rusange bw’ibikoresho bikonjesha mu nganda. Kubwibyo, isuku mu gihe ni ingenzi cyane ku bikoresho bikonjesha mu nganda.
1. Kuki firigo ifite igipimo?
Ibintu by'ingenzi bigize ingano mu buryo bw'amazi akonjesha ni umunyu wa kalisiyumu n'umunyu wa manyeziyumu, kandi gushonga kwabyo kugabanuka uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera; iyo amazi akonje ahuye n'ubuso bw'icyuma gihindura ubushyuhe, ingano y'amazi iragabanuka ku buso bw'icyuma gihindura ubushyuhe.
Hari ahantu hane ho kwanduza firigo:
(1) Guhindura umunyu mu gikoresho cyuzuyemo ibintu byinshi.
(2) Gushyiramo koloyide z’umwimerere na koloyide z’amabuye y’agaciro.
(3) Guhuza uduce duto tw’ibintu bimwe na bimwe dufite urwego rutandukanye rwo gukwirakwira.
(4) Kwangirika kw'ibintu bimwe na bimwe n'umusaruro wa mikorobe, nibindi. Kugwa kw'izi mvange ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi gituma habaho ingano, kandi ibintu bituma habaho imvura ikomeye ni ibi bikurikira: gushonga kw'imyunyu imwe n'imwe kugabanuka uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera. Nka Ca (HCO3)2, CaCO3, Ca (OH)2, CaSO4, MgCO3, Mg (OH)2, nibindi. Icya kabiri, uko amazi agenda ashira, ubwinshi bw'imyunyu yashongeshejwe mu mazi buriyongera, bukagera ku rwego rwo hejuru. Ihinduka ry'imiti ribaho mu mazi ashyushye, cyangwa ioni zimwe na zimwe zigakora izindi ioni z'umunyu zidashongeshwa.
Ku myunyu imwe n'imwe yujuje ibisabwa byavuzwe haruguru, utubuto tw'umwimerere tubanza gushyirwa ku buso bw'icyuma, hanyuma buhoro buhoro tukaba utuntu duto. Ifite imiterere ya kristu idahinduka cyangwa igaragara kandi ikora uduce duto tw'amakristale cyangwa amatsinda. Imyunyu ya bicarbonate ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru ituma amazi akonjesha agabanuka. Ibi biterwa nuko karubone nyinshi ya karubone itakaza ubuziranenge mu gihe cyo gushyushya ikabora ikaba karubone ya karubone, karubone ya karubone n'amazi. Karubone ya karubone, ku rundi ruhande, ntabwo ishonga cyane bityo ikaba ikwirakwira ku buso bw'ibikoresho bikonjesha. Ubu:
Ca (HCO3) 2 = CaCO3 ↓ + H2O + CO2 ↑.
Gushinga igipimo ku buso bw'icyuma gihindura ubushyuhe bizangiza ibikoresho kandi bigabanya igihe cyo gukora ibikoresho; icya kabiri, bizabangamira uburyo bwo kohereza ubushyuhe bw'icyuma gihindura ubushyuhe kandi bigabanye imikorere.
2. Gukuraho igipimo muri firigo
1. Gushyira mu byiciro uburyo bwo gukuraho uburebure
Uburyo bwo gukuraho ubushyuhe burimo gukuraho ubushyuhe n'intoki, gukuraho ubushyuhe mu buryo bwa mashini, gukuraho ubushyuhe mu buryo bwa shimi no gukuraho ubushyuhe mu buryo bw'umubiri.
Mu buryo butandukanye bwo gukuraho uburebure. Uburyo bwo gukuraho uburebure bw'umubiri n'uburyo bwo kurwanya uburebure bw'uburebure ni byiza, ariko bitewe n'ihame ry'imikorere y'ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gukuraho uburebure by'ikoranabuhanga, hari n'ibihe aho ingaruka zitaba nziza, nko:
(1). Ubukana bw'amazi buratandukanye bitewe n'ahantu.
(2). Ubukana bw'amazi bw'icyo gikoresho burahinduka mu gihe cy'ikoreshwa, kandi igikoresho cyo gukuraho amazi mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga gishobora gushyiraho gahunda ikwiye yo gukuraho amazi hakurikijwe ingero z'amazi zoherejwe n'uwakoze, kugira ngo gukuraho amazi bitazongera guhangayikishwa n'izindi ngaruka;
(3). Iyo umukoresha yirengagije akazi ko gukurura umuriro, ubuso bw'icyuma gihindura ubushyuhe buzakomeza gupimwa.
Uburyo bwo gukuraho ubushyuhe mu binyabutabire bushobora kwitabwaho gusa iyo ingaruka zo kohereza ubushyuhe mu gikoresho ari mbi kandi ingano yacyo ikaba ikomeye, ariko bizagira ingaruka ku bikoresho, bityo ni ngombwa kwirinda kwangirika kw'urwego rwa galvanised no kugira ingaruka ku buzima bw'ibikoresho.
2. Uburyo bwo gukuraho imyanda
Ubutaka bugizwe ahanini n'udukoko nka bagiteri n'ibimera bishonga bikabyara mu mazi, bivanze n'ibyondo, umucanga, umukungugu, nibindi kugira ngo bikore ubutaka bworoshye. Butera ingese mu miyoboro, bugabanya imikorere kandi bukongera ubushobozi bwo kwirinda amazi, bugabanye amazi atemba. Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kubikemura. Ushobora kongeramo ubutabire kugira ngo ibintu bihagaze mu mazi azenguruka bihinduke indabyo za alum zifunguye maze zigatura hasi mu mwobo, zishobora gukurwaho n'amazi y'umwanda; ushobora kongeramo agakoresho ko gukwirakwiza kugira ngo uduce duhagaze dukwirakwire mu mazi tudasenyutse; Iremwa ry'ubutaka rishobora gukumirwa wongeyeho uburyo bwo kuyungurura ku ruhande cyangwa wongeyeho indi miti yo gukumira cyangwa kwica udukoko.
3. Uburyo bwo gukuraho ingese
Ingese iterwa ahanini n'uko imyanda n'ibikomoka ku ngese bifatanye n'ubushyuhe bw'umuyoboro w'ubushyuhe kugira ngo bikore bateri y'umwuka wa ogisijeni, maze ingese ikaza. Bitewe n'uko ingese igenda itera, kwangirika kw'umuyoboro w'ubushyuhe bizatera ikibazo gikomeye cy'umuyoboro, kandi ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha buzagabanuka. Umuyoboro ushobora gusenyuka, bigatuma abawukoresha bahura n'igihombo gikomeye mu bukungu. Mu by'ukuri, mu mikorere y'umuyoboro, igihe cyose ubuziranenge bw'amazi bugenzurwa neza, imicungire y'ubuziranenge bw'amazi irakomera, kandi imyuka ikabuzwa, ingaruka z'ingese ku buryo bw'amazi bw'umuyoboro zishobora kugenzurwa neza.
Iyo kwiyongera kw'ubunini bituma bidashoboka gukoresha uburyo busanzwe bwo guhangana nabyo, ibikoresho byo gukuraho ubunini bishobora gushyirwaho kugira ngo birwanye no gukuraho ubunini, nk'ibikoresho byo gukuraho ubunini bw'amashanyarazi, ibikoresho byo gukuraho ubunini bw'amashanyarazi hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga, n'ibindi.
Nyuma y’uko igipimo, umukungugu n’ibimera bifatanye, ubushobozi bwo kohereza ubushyuhe bw’umuyoboro wo kohereza ubushyuhe bugabanuka cyane, ibyo bigatuma imikorere rusange y’igikoresho igabanuka.
Kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi ashyirwa muri firigo ahinduka ubukonje cyangwa ubukonje mu gihe cy'ikoreshwa, hari ubwoko bubiri bw'amazi ashyirwa muri firigo: firigo ifunguye n'uruziga rufunze. Muri rusange dukoresha firigo ifunze. Kubera ko ari uruziga rufunze, umwuka n'ubucucike ntibizabaho. Muri icyo gihe, ikirere. Ibisigazwa, umukungugu, nibindi biri mu mazi ntibivangwa mu mazi, kandi firigo y'amazi ishyirwa muri firigo ni ntoya, cyane cyane ukurikije uko amazi ashyirwa muri firigo ahinduka ubukonje. Amazi ari muri firigo arakomera kuko ubushyuhe bukurwa na firigo iyo ihindutse ubukonje mu firigo buba bunini kuruta ubushyuhe amazi ashyirwa muri firigo ashobora gutanga, ku buryo ubushyuhe bw'amazi ashyirwa muri firigo bugabanuka munsi y'ubukonje bw'amazi maze amazi agakomera. Abakoresha bagomba kwitondera ibi bikurikira mu gihe cy'ikoreshwa:
1. Niba umuvuduko w'amazi winjira mu cyuma gishyushya amazi uhuye n'umuvuduko w'amazi wa moteri nyamukuru, cyane cyane iyo ibikoresho byinshi bikonjesha bikoreshwa icyarimwe, niba ingano y'amazi yinjira muri buri cyuma idahuye, cyangwa niba ingano y'amazi y'icyuma n'ipompo bikorana umwe umwe. Itsinda ry'imashini rikoresha shunt. Muri iki gihe, abakora ibikoresho bishyushya amazi bya bromine bakoresha cyane cyane ibikoresho bishyushya amazi kugira ngo barebe niba hari amazi yinjira. Guhitamo ibikoresho bishyushya amazi bigomba guhuza n'umuvuduko w'amazi. Ibikoresho bikoresha imiterere y'amazi bishobora gushyirwaho valve zikoresha imikorere y'amazi.
2. Agakoresho ko gukonjesha ka bromine gafite igikoresho cyo kurinda amazi akonjesha ubushyuhe buke. Iyo ubushyuhe bw'amazi akonjesha buri munsi ya +4°C, agakoresho ko gukonjesha kazahagarika gukora. Iyo umukozi akoze imyitozo bwa mbere mu mpeshyi buri mwaka, agomba kugenzura niba ubushyuhe buke bw'amazi akonjesha bukora neza kandi niba agaciro k'ubushyuhe ari ko gakwiye.
3. Mu gihe cy'imikorere ya sisitemu yo gukonjesha ya bromine, niba pompe y'amazi ihagaze mu buryo butunguranye, moteri nyamukuru igomba guhita ihagarara. Niba ubushyuhe bw'amazi mu cyuma gikonjesha bukomeje kugabanuka cyane, hagomba gufatwa ingamba, nko gufunga valve y'amazi ikonjesha y'icyuma gikonjesha, gufungura valve y'amazi neza, kugira ngo amazi ari mu cyuma gikonjesha ashobore gutemba no gukumira amazi gukonja.
4. Iyo icyuma gikonjesha cya bromine gihagaritse gukora, kigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe uburyo bwo gukora. Banza uhagarike moteri nyamukuru, utegereze iminota irenga icumi, hanyuma uhagarike pompe y'amazi ikoreshwa muri firigo.
5. Inzira y'amazi iri muri firigo n'uburyo amazi akoreshwa muri firigo akingira ubushyuhe buke ntibishobora gukurwaho uko umuntu abyishakiye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-09-2023
