1. Ugereranyije na compressors zo gukonjesha za piston zisubirana, compressors zo gukonjesha zifite inyungu nyinshi nko kwihuta cyane, uburemere bworoheje, ingano nto, uburebure buto no gusohora umwuka muke.
2. Compressor yo gukonjesha ifite imbaraga zisubirana, ifite ubushobozi bwo guhuza neza, ikora neza, ihindagurika ry'ibanze rito, n'umusingi muto.
3. Compressor yo gukonjesha ifite imiterere yoroshye n'ibice bike. Nta bice byambarwa nka valve z'umwuka n'impeta za piston zihari. Ibice byayo by'ingenzi birimo friction, nka rotors na bearing, bifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi birwanya kwangirika, kandi imiterere y'amavuta ni myiza, bityo ingano y'imashini ni nto, ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho ni rito, imikorere ni miremire, ikoreshwa ni ryizewe, kubungabunga biroroshye, kandi ni ingirakamaro gukora ikoranabuhanga.
4. Ugereranyije na compressor y'umuvuduko, compressor y'ibice ifite imiterere yo gutanga gaze ku ngufu, ni ukuvuga ko kwimuka kwayo kudahinduka bitewe n'umuvuduko uva mu kirere, kandi nta kintu na kimwe kibaho iyo kwimuka ari guke. Mu rwego rw'imiterere, ubushobozi buracyari hejuru.
5. Valve yo kuzenguruka ikoreshwa mu gukosora, ishobora gutuma ingufu zihinduka nta ntambwe.
6. Compressor ya screw ntabwo ifata neza aho amazi yinjira, kandi ishobora gukonjeshwa no guterwa amavuta, bityo munsi y’igipimo kimwe cy’umuvuduko, ubushyuhe bw’imyotsi buba buri hasi cyane ugereranyije n’ubwo mu bwoko bwa piston, bityo igipimo cy’umuvuduko w’icyiciro kimwe kiba kinini.
7. Nta ngano y'amazi ihari, bityo ingano y'amazi ni nyinshi.
Ihame ry'imikorere n'imiterere ya compressor ya vis:
1. Uburyo bwo guhumeka:
Umwanya wo gukurura amenyo uri ku ruhande rw’ubwoko bwa screw ugomba gushushanywa ku buryo icyumba cyo gukanda gishobora guhumeka umwuka neza, mu gihe compressor y’umwuka ya screw idafite itsinda ry’ingufu zo kwinjira n’izisohora umwuka, kandi umwuka wo kwinjira ugenzurwa gusa no gufungura no gufunga kwa valve igenzura. Iyo rotor izunguruka, umwanya w’amenyo ya rotors nkuru n’iy’inyongera ni wo munini iyo ugeze ku mwobo w’urukuta rw’inyongera. Umwuka uba urangiye burundu, kandi iyo umwuka urangiye, amenyo aba ari mu buryo bwo kutagira umwuka. Iyo uhindukiye ku mwobo w’umwuka, umwuka wo hanze urimo kwinjira ukajya mu mwobo w’amenyo ya rotors nkuru n’iy’inyongera mu cyerekezo cy’umurongo. Icyibutsa cyo kubungabunga compressor y’umwuka ya screw Iyo umwuka wuzuye amenyo yose, ubuso bw’uruhande rw’inyongera rwa rotor buhinduka buva ku mwobo w’umwuka w’igisenge, kandi umwuka uri hagati y’amenyo urafungwa.
2. Uburyo bwo gusoza no gutanga amakuru:
Iyo rotor nyamukuru n'inyongera zihumetswe, amenyo y'inyongera n'inyongera afungishwa agasanduku, kandi umwuka ufungirwa mu myenge y'amenyo ntube ugisohoka, ni ukuvuga [uburyo bwo gufunga]. Rotor ebyiri zikomeza kuzenguruka, kandi amenyo n'imiyoboro y'amenyo bihura ku mpera yo gukurura, kandi ubuso buhuye bugenda buhoro buhoro bwerekeza ku mpera y'imyotsi.
3. Uburyo bwo gukanda no gutera lisansi:
Mu gihe cyo gutwara, ubuso bwo gushyiramo meshi bugenda bugana ku mpera y'imyotsi, ni ukuvuga ko umwobo w'amenyo uri hagati y'ubuso bwo gushyiramo meshi n'aho imyuka isohoka ugenda ugabanuka buhoro buhoro, umwuka uri mu mwobo w'amenyo ugenda ugabanuka buhoro buhoro, kandi umuvuduko ugenda wiyongera, ari na wo [mu buryo bwo gukanda]. Mu gihe cyo gukanda, amavuta yo kwisiga nayo asukwa mu cyumba cyo gukanda bitewe n'itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko uvangwa n'umwuka w'icyumba.
4. Uburyo bwo gusohora imyotsi:
Iyo ubuso bw'inyuma bw'imashini ikora meshi buhindukiye kugira ngo buhuze n'imashini isohora umwuka, (umuvuduko wa gazi ikora meshi uba uri hejuru cyane muri iki gihe), gazi ikora meshi itangira gusohoka kugeza ubwo ubuso bw'imashini ikora meshi bw'amenyo hanyuma umuyoboro w'amenyo ukimukira ku muyoboro w'amenyo. Muri iki gihe, umwanya uri hagati y'ubuso bw'imashini ikora meshi y'imashini ebyiri n'aho imashini isohora umwuka iba irangiye. Muri icyo gihe, uburebure bw'umuyoboro w'amenyo hagati y'ubuso bw'imashini ikora meshi y'imashini n'aho umwuka winjira mu gisanduku bugera ku rugero ntarengwa. Igihe kirekire, inzira yo guhumeka irakomeza.
1. Kompreseri ifunze neza
Umubiri ufata imiterere y'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gifite ubuziranenge bwo hejuru, gifite imyenge mike kandi gifite ubushyuhe buke; umubiri ufata imiterere y'inkuta ebyiri ifite imiyoboro y'ibyuka imbere, ifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi ikagabanya urusaku; imbaraga z'imbere n'inyuma z'umubiri muri rusange zirangana, nta gifunguye cyangwa igice gifunze. Wihangane n'ibyago byo kugira umuvuduko mwinshi; igikonoshwa ni imiterere y'icyuma ifite imbaraga nyinshi, isura nziza n'uburemere bworoheje. Koresha imiterere ihagaze, compressor ifata agace gato, ingirakamaro ku miterere y'imitwe myinshi y'icyuma gikonjesha; ubwikorezi bwo hasi bwinjizwa mu kigega cy'amavuta, kandi ubwikorezi bushyizwemo amavuta neza; imbaraga z'umurongo wa rotor zigabanukaho 50% ugereranije n'ubwoko bufunze n'ubufunguye (umugozi wa moteri ku ruhande rw'ibyuka). Nta ngaruka zo kugira moteri itambitse, ubwikorezi bwinshi; irinde ingaruka za rotor ya screw, valve ya slide, rotor ya moteri yipima ku buryo ihuye neza, inoza ubwizigirwa; inzira nziza yo guteranya. Imiterere ihagaze ya screw ya pompe idafite amavuta, ku buryo hatazabaho ibura ry'amavuta igihe compressor irimo gukora cyangwa izima. Ingufu yo hasi yinjizwa mu kigega cy'amavuta muri rusange, kandi ingufu yo hejuru ifata amavuta akoreshwa mu muvuduko utandukanye; ibisabwa kugira ngo sisitemu ihinduke ni bike, kandi ifite inshingano zo kurinda amavuta akoreshwa mu muvuduko mu gihe cy'impanuka, hirindwa kubura amavuta akoreshwa mu muvuduko utandukanye, ibyo bikaba byiza mu gutangiza ikigega mu bihe by'inzibacyuho.
Ingaruka mbi: gukonjesha umwotsi uva mu kirere bikoreshwa, kandi moteri iri ku cyambu cy’umwotsi uva mu kirere, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutuma moteri isha; byongeye kandi, ntishobora gukurwaho mu gihe ikibazo kibaye.
2. Kompresateri y'ibice bito bidafite umwuka mwinshi
Moteri ikonjeshwa na spray y'amazi, ubushyuhe bw'imikorere ya moteri ni buke, kandi igihe cyo kuyikoresha ni kirekire; compressor ifunguye ikoresha moteri ikonjeshwa n'umwuka, ubushyuhe bw'imikorere ya moteri ni bwinshi, ibyo bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwa moteri, kandi imiterere y'aho imashini ikorera ni mibi; moteri ikonjeshwa na gaze isohora umwuka, ubushyuhe bw'imikorere ya moteri ni bwinshi cyane, igihe cyo kuyikoresha ni gito. Muri rusange, icyuma gitandukanya amavuta yo hanze gifite ingano nini, ariko imikorere yacyo ni myinshi cyane; icyuma gitandukanya amavuta cyubatswemo gihuzwa na compressor, kandi ingano yacyo ni nto, bityo ingaruka ni mbi cyane. Ingaruka zo gutandukanya amavuta yo gutandukanya amavuta ya kabiri zishobora kugera kuri 99.999%, bishobora gutuma compressor ikora neza mu bihe bitandukanye by'akazi.
Ariko, compressor ya semi-hermetic screw yo mu bwoko bwa plunger yihuta binyuze mu kohereza ibikoresho, umuvuduko uri hejuru (hafi 12.000 rpm), kwangirika ni gukomeye, kandi kwizera ni guke.
3. Fungura compressor yo mu bwoko bwa screw
Ibyiza by'iyi mashini ifunguye ni ibi bikurikira:
1) Kompreseri itandukanijwe na moteri, kugira ngo kompreseri ibashe gukoreshwa mu buryo bwagutse;
2) Compressor imwe ishobora gukoreshwa hamwe n'ibikoresho bitandukanye byo muri firigo. Uretse gukoresha ibikoresho byo muri firigo bya halogenated hydrocarbon, ammonia ishobora no gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byo muri firigo binyuze mu guhindura ibikoresho by'ibice bimwe na bimwe;
3) Moteri zifite ubushobozi butandukanye zishobora gushyirwaho hakurikijwe ibyuma bikonjesha bitandukanye n'imiterere y'imikorere.
4) Ubwoko bw'imashini ifunguye bugabanyijemo kandi screw imwe n'screw ebyiri
Compressor ifite screw imwe igizwe na screw ifite circular hamwe n'amapine abiri y'inyenyeri akurikije imiterere, ashyirwa mu gasanduku. Umuyoboro w'amapine, urukuta rw'imbere rw'agasanduku (silinda) n'amenyo y'ibikoresho by'inyenyeri bikora ingano ifunze. Ingufu zoherezwa mu gice cy'amapine, maze uruziga rw'inyenyeri rutwarwa na screw kugira ngo ruzunguruke. Gazi (amazi akora) yinjira mu mwobo w'amapine uva mu cyumba cyo gukurura, hanyuma igasohorwa binyuze mu cyambu cy'imyotsi n'icyumba cyo gukurura nyuma yo gukandamizwa. Uruhare rw'uruziga rw'inyenyeri rungana na piston ya compressor ya piston isubiranamo. Iyo amenyo y'uruziga rw'inyenyeri agenda mu mwobo w'amapine, ingano ifunze iragabanuka buhoro buhoro kandi gaze irakandamizwa.
Ihame ry'imikorere ya compressor ya vis no kugereranya ubwoko bwuzuye, bufunze neza n'ubufunguye
Uruziga rwa kompreseri imwe rufite imiyoboro 6 ya screw, naho uruziga rw'inyenyeri rufite amenyo 11, angana na silindiri 6. Amapine abiri y'inyenyeri ahuza imiyoboro ya screw icyarimwe. Kubwibyo, buri kuzenguruka kwa screw bingana na silindiri 12 zikora.
Nkuko twese tubizi, compressors za screw (harimo na twin-screw na single-screw) zigize igice kinini cy’imashini zizunguruka. Ku isoko mpuzamahanga, mu myaka 20 kuva mu 1963 kugeza mu 1983, igipimo cy’izamuka ry’ibiciro bya compressors za screw ku isi cyabaye 30%. Kuri ubu, compressors za screw ebyiri zigize 80% bya compressors zifite ubushobozi buciriritse mu Buyapani, mu Burayi na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Nk’imashini zizunguruka zifite screw imwe na compressors za screw ebyiri ziri mu rwego rumwe rw’akazi, ugereranije, compressors za screw ebyiri zigize arenga 80% by’isoko ryose rya compressors za screw bitewe n’ikoranabuhanga ryazo ryiza ryo gutunganya no kwizerwa cyane. Compressors za screw ziri munsi ya 20%. Ibi bikurikira ni igereranya rigufi ry’izi compressors ebyiri.
1. Imiterere
Ingunguru n'uruziga rw'inyenyeri bya compressor imwe bifite screw ebyiri, kandi screw shaft n'uruziga rw'uruziga rw'inyenyeri bigomba kuguma bihagaze mu kirere; rotors z'ingore n'iz'abagabo za compressor ebyiri zihwanye na gear pair ebyiri, kandi rotors z'ingabo n'iz'abagore ziguma zifatanye. Mu miterere, imikoranire hagati ya screw n'uruziga rw'inyenyeri bya compressor imwe biragoye kwemeza, bityo ubwizigirwa bw'imashini yose buri hasi ugereranyije n'ubw'uruziga rw'izindi.
2. Uburyo bwo gutwara
Ubwo bwoko bwombi bwa compressors bushobora guhuzwa na moteri cyangwa bugatwarwa na pulley y'umukandara. Iyo umuvuduko wa compressor ifite screw ebyiri uri hejuru, vitesi yo kwihutisha igomba kongerwa.
3. Uburyo bwo guhindura ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha
Uburyo bwo guhindura ingano y'umwuka bw'izi kompreseri ebyiri muri rusange ni bumwe, byombi bishobora gukoresha uburyo bwo guhindura icyuma gikoresha icyuma gishyushya cyangwa guhindura icyuma gishyushya buhoro buhoro. Iyo icyuma gishyushya gikoreshejwe mu guhindura icyuma, icyuma gishyushya gifite screw ebyiri gikenera icyuma kimwe gishyushya, mu gihe icyuma gishyushya gifite screw imwe gikenera ibyuma bibiri icyarimwe, bityo imiterere irushaho kugorana kandi icyizere kikagabanuka.
4. Ikiguzi cyo gukora
Kompreseri ifite screw imwe: Ibyuma bisanzwe bishobora gukoreshwa kuri screw na star wheel bearing, kandi ikiguzi cyo gukora ni gito.
Compressor ifite screw ebyiri: Kubera umutwaro munini kuri rotors zifite screw ebyiri, bisaba gukoresha bearing zifite imiterere yo hejuru, kandi ikiguzi cyo gukora ni kinini.
5. Kwizerwa
Compressor ifite screw imwe: Uruziga rw'inyenyeri rwa compressor ifite screw imwe ni igice cyoroshye kwibasirwa. Uretse kuba ibikoresho by'uruziga rw'inyenyeri bikenewe cyane, uruziga rw'inyenyeri rugomba gusimburwa buri gihe.
Compressor ifite screw ebyiri: Nta bice byangiritse muri compressor ifite screw ebyiri, kandi igihe cyo kuyikoresha nta ngorane gishobora kugera ku masaha 40.000 kugeza ku 80.000.
6. Guteranya no kubungabunga
Kubera ko umugozi w'urushundura n'umugozi w'uruziga rw'inyenyeri bya compressor ifite screw imwe bigomba kuguma bihagaze mu mwanya, ibisabwa ku buryo buhamye bwo gushyiramo umurongo n'umurongo w'urushundura biri hejuru cyane, bityo uburyo bwo guteranya no kubungabunga compressor ifite screw imwe buri hasi ugereranyije n'ubwo compressor ifite screw ebyiri.
Ingaruka mbi z'ingenzi z'igikoresho gifunguye ni izi zikurikira:
(1) Ifu y'umugozi yoroshye kuyivanamo, ikaba ari nayo ikoreshwa kenshi n'abayikoresha;
(2) Moteri ifite ibikoresho izunguruka ku muvuduko mwinshi, urusaku rw'umwuka ni runini, kandi urusaku rwa compressor ubwayo narwo ni runini, ibyo bigira ingaruka ku bidukikije;
(3) Ibice by'ingenzi bya sisitemu y'amavuta nk'ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gutandukanya amavuta n'ibikoresho bikonjesha amavuta bigomba gushyirwaho, kandi icyo gikoresho ni kinini kandi nticyoroshye gukoresha no kubungabunga.
Compressor enye, eshatu zifite vis
Imiterere yihariye ya rotor eshatu igaragaza ko ifite umuvuduko muto wo kuvamo ugereranyije na compressor ya rotor ebyiri; compressor ya rotor eshatu ishobora kugabanya cyane umutwaro kuri bearing; kugabanya umutwaro w'ingufu byongera ubuso bw'imyotsi, bityo bikanongera imikorere; ni ngombwa cyane kugabanya kuvamo kw'ibikoresho mu gihe cy'umutwaro uwo ari wo wose, cyane cyane iyo ikora mu gihe cy'umutwaro muto, ingaruka ziba nyinshi kurushaho.
Kwigenzura ku giti cyawe: Iyo sisitemu ihindutse, sensor irasubiza vuba, kandi umugenzuzi akora imibare ijyanye nayo, kugira ngo yigenzure vuba kandi neza; kwigenzura ku giti cyawe ntikugengwa n'ibikoresho bikoresha actuators, guide vanes, solenoid valves na slide valves, kandi bishobora gukorwa mu buryo butaziguye, bwihuse kandi bwizewe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-10-2023
